GoM DE: interpreting structure in sequence count data with differential expression analysis allowing for grades of membership.

Parts-based representations, such as non-negative matrix factorization and topic modeling, have been used to identify structure from single-cell sequencing data sets, in particular structure that is not as well captured by clustering or other dimensionality reduction methods. However, interpreting the individual parts remains a challenge. To address this challenge, we extend methods for differential expression analysis by allowing cells to have partial membership to multiple groups.

GoM DE: interpreting structure in sequence count data with differential expression analysis allowing for grades of membership.

Parts-based representations, such as non-negative matrix factorization and topic modeling, have been used to identify structure from single-cell sequencing data sets, in particular structure that is not as well captured by clustering or other dimensionality reduction methods. However, interpreting the individual parts remains a challenge. To address this challenge, we extend methods for differential expression analysis by allowing cells to have partial membership to multiple groups.

Awake Prone Positioning in Non-Intubated Patients With Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Due to COVID-19.

Background: Awake prone positioning (APP) has been advocated to improve oxygenation and prevent intubation of patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This paper aims to synthesize the available evidence on the efficacy of APP.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of proportional outcomes from observational studies to compare intubation rate in patients treated with APP or with standard care.

Accuracy of Physical Function Questions to Predict Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity as Measured by Hip Accelerometry.

Background: Functional capacity assessment is a core component of current perioperative cardiovascular evaluation and management guidelines for noncardiac surgery. The authors investigated the ability of standardized physical function questions to predict whether participants engaged in moderate physical activity as measured by hip accelerometers.

Methods: Participant responses to physical functioning questions and whether they engaged in moderate physical activity were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003 to 2004 and 2005 to 2006).

Population Selection and Sequencing of Wild Isolates Identifies a Region on Chromosome III Affecting Starvation Resistance.

To understand the genetic basis of complex traits, it is important to be able to efficiently phenotype many genetically distinct individuals. In the nematode , individuals have been isolated from diverse populations around the globe and whole-genome sequenced. As a result, hundreds of wild strains with known genome sequences can be used for genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Correction: Maternal Diet and Insulin-Like Signaling Control Intergenerational Plasticity of Progeny Size and Starvation Resistance.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.

/FoxO promotes gluconeogenesis and trehalose synthesis during starvation to support survival.

/FoxO is required to survive starvation in , but how FoxO promotes starvation resistance is unclear. We show that /FoxO restructures carbohydrate metabolism by driving carbon flux through the glyoxylate shunt and gluconeogenesis and into synthesis of trehalose, a disaccharide of glucose. Trehalose is a well-known stress protectant, capable of preserving membrane organization and protein structure during abiotic stress.

Maternal Diet and Insulin-Like Signaling Control Intergenerational Plasticity of Progeny Size and Starvation Resistance.

Maternal effects of environmental conditions produce intergenerational phenotypic plasticity. Adaptive value of these effects depends on appropriate anticipation of environmental conditions in the next generation, and mismatch between conditions may contribute to disease. However, regulation of intergenerational plasticity is poorly understood.

Non-invasive prenatal testing: a review of international implementation and challenges.

Noninvasive prenatal genetic testing (NIPT) is an advance in the detection of fetal chromosomal aneuploidies that analyzes cell-free fetal DNA in the blood of a pregnant woman. Since its introduction to clinical practice in Hong Kong in 2011, NIPT has quickly spread across the globe. While many professional societies currently recommend that NIPT be used as a screening method, not a diagnostic test, its high sensitivity (true positive rate) and specificity (true negative rate) make it an attractive alternative to the serum screens and invasive tests currently in use.

Noninvasive prenatal testing goes global.

Noninvasive prenatal genetic testing is becoming available worldwide--particularly in low- and middle-income countries--but practical and ethical challenges must be overcome.

Review of awakening agents.

Brain injuries are a serious burden of illness to Canada and the US. Advances in managing head trauma have allowed more patients to emerge from decreased levels of consciousness and helped them cope with neurocognitive, neurobehavioural, and neuropsychiatric deficits. In this article, we review the current (1986-2002) evidence surrounding the pharmacological management of arousal states and the aforementioned neurological sequelae of head injury in either acute or chronic conditions.