Peer crowd affiliation, adherence, perceived support, and metabolic control in T1DM youth.

Youth with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) can face many challenges when adhering to their complex regimen in the context of their peer crowd. The aim of this study was to determine if peer crowd affiliation was associated with adolescents' adherence behaviors, perceived peer support, and metabolic control. A sample of 128 adolescents with T1DM completed the Peer Crowd Questionnaire, Diabetes Social Support Questionnaire-Friends Version, and Self-Care Inventory-Revised, and HbA1c readings were collected during their clinic visit.

Efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction in emerging adults with poorly controlled, type 1 diabetes: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

Background/objective: The negative effects of stress on persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are well-established, but effective interventions to reduce stress among emerging adults with T1D are limited. The study objective was to conduct a pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) to obtain preliminary data on the efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) to reduce stress and improve diabetes health outcomes in a population of high-risk, urban emerging adults with poorly controlled diabetes.

Methods: Forty-eight participants aged 16 to 20 years of age with T1D (mean duration = 8 years) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: MSBR, cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM), or a diabetes support group.

Validity, Reliability, and Measurement Invariance of the Diabetes Stress Questionnaire-Short Form.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a short form of the Diabetes Stress Questionnaire (DSQ) with adequate psychometric properties (i.e., internal consistency, convergent, criterion, discriminant validity, construct validity, and measurement invariance).

Differentiating peer and friend social information-processing effects on stress and glycemic control among youth with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: Many adolescents with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) find adherence difficult in social situations because they fear negative evaluations by others. These negative reaction attributions are associated with anticipated adherence difficulties, stress, and glycemic control. It is unclear whether peer versus friend attributions are distinct constructs, or whether there is a differential impact on glycemic control moderated by youth characteristics.

Assessing measurement invariance of the diabetes stress questionnaire in youth with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Diabetes Stress Questionnaire (DSQ), a measure of diabetes-specific stress, across sex, age (<9th grade vs. ≥9th grade), and glycemic control (optimal vs. suboptimal).

Adolescents and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a qualitative analysis of the experience of social support.

Objective: Research on how adolescents with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) understand and use social support is limited. Therefore, we explored how adolescents with T2DM experience and perceive social support.

Methods: Adolescents with T2DM were interviewed, and data were qualitatively analyzed using Consensual Qualitative Research methodology.

Empirically derived patterns of perceived stress among youth with type 1 diabetes and relationships to metabolic control.

Objective: Given the inconsistent relationship between stress and metabolic control, the purpose of this study was to empirically derive patterns of perceived diabetes-related stress among youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and determine if these patterns relate to overall diabetes-related stress levels and metabolic control.

Method: A sample of 204 youth with T1DM completed the diabetes stress questionnaire, and their hemoglobin A(1c) (a long-term measure of metabolic control) was obtained from their medical record.

Results: Latent profile analyses revealed three perceived-stress profiles: "low stress" (LS), "interpersonal/peer" (IP), and "family stress" (FS).

Experiencing type 2 diabetes mellitus: qualitative analysis of adolescents' concept of illness, adjustment, and motivation to engage in self-care behaviors.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of adolescents diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in terms of how youths conceptualized the effect of T2DM on daily life, adjustment to the illness, and motivation related to diabetes self-care management. The aims of the study were to gather essential information in order to develop appropriate intervention techniques and inform future studies intended to understand the psychosocial experiences of youths with T2DM.

Methods: Eight adolescents diagnosed with T2DM were recruited from an outpatient pediatric diabetes clinic at a Midwestern children's hospital.

Practitioner perceptions of peer relationships in adolescents with chronic pain.

Nine practitioners who specialize in the treatment of adolescents with chronic pain were interviewed on their perceptions of the adolescents' peer functioning. A qualitative analysis based on Consensual Qualitative Research (CQR) was used. Practitioners generally reported a decline in the adolescents' peer functioning.

Improving adherence in social situations for adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM): a pilot study.

Aims: Management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) involves adherence to complex daily behaviors. Some adolescents have difficulty maintaining these regimens within social contexts due to peer pressure and apprehension about being singled out (Wysocki et al., 2003 [1]).

Teacher support of adherence for adolescents with type 1 diabetes: preferred teacher support behaviors and youths' perceptions of support.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the preferences of adolescents with type 1 diabetes regarding the role of teacher support and perceptions associated with the most supportive and least supportive teachers, as well as to examine the effects of child age and gender on these relationships. Method This cross-sectional questionnaire-based study included 102 adolescents with type 1 diabetes recruited through the outpatient treatment clinic at a Midwestern children's hospital. Adolescents completed demographic questionnaires and questionnaires assessing the role of teacher support.

Attributions of teacher reactions to diabetes self-care behaviors.

Objective: This study had two objectives: examine relationships among negative attributions of teacher reactions, anticipated adherence difficulties, teacher support, diabetes stress, and metabolic control; and develop questionnaires to test these relationships.

Methods: One hundred and two youths with type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes completed instruments measuring attribution of teacher reactions, anticipated adherence, teacher support, and diabetes stress. Metabolic control was measured by percentage of hemoglobin A(1c).

Attributions of adolescents with type 1 diabetes related to performing diabetes care around friends and peers: the moderating role of friend support.

Objective: To examine the relationships among negative attributions of friend and peer reactions to diabetes management in social situations, anticipated adherence difficulties, friend support, diabetes stress, and metabolic control.

Methods: A sample of 102 adolescents with Type 1 diabetes completed instruments measuring attribution of friend and peer reactions, anticipated adherence, friend support, and diabetes stress. Metabolic control was measured by the percentage of hemoglobin A1c.

Attributions of adolescents with type 1 diabetes in social situations: relationship with expected adherence, diabetes stress, and metabolic control.

Objective: To examine the relationships among negative attributions of friend reactions (NAFRs) within a social context, anticipated adherence difficulties, diabetes stress, and metabolic control.

Research Design And Methods: A sample of 104 adolescents with type 1 diabetes completed instruments measuring demographics, attribution of friend reactions, anticipated adherence, and diabetes stress. Metabolic control was measured by HbA(1c) obtained during the clinic visit.

Cystic fibrosis disclosure may minimize risk of negative peer evaluations.

Background: Given the relatively lower body weight associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) and the visible regimen associated with eating, there is a risk that individuals with CF may be mistakenly perceived to have an eating disorder or otherwise be negatively evaluated. Based upon a theoretical model, this study explored whether disclosing CF would curtail negative peer perceptions.

Methods: Young adult respondents (N = 391) read vignettes that varied in a 2 (male vs.

Brief report: parent perceptions of hypoglycemic symptoms of youth with diabetes; disease disclosure minimizes risk of negative evaluations.

Objective: Based on a theoretical model, this study explored the effects that the disclosure of diabetes has on parental perceptions of a hypothetical child experiencing hypoglycemia.

Methods: Parents (N = 610) first read vignettes that varied in a 2 x 2 design (Male vs. Female Character x Preventative Disclosure of Illness vs.

The impact of cognitive distortions, stress, and adherence on metabolic control in youths with type 1 diabetes.

Purpose: To investigate the role of cognitive distortions in the relationship between adherence behavior, diabetes-specific stress, general stress, and metabolic control.

Methods: Obtained questionnaire data, glucometer readings, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbgA(1c)) assays from 143 youths (11-18 years old) with type 1 diabetes. Examined path model of relationships between cognitive distortions, stress, adherence behavior, and metabolic control.

Impact of diabetes disclosure on perceptions of eating and self-care behaviors.

Purpose: This study investigated whether disclosure of diabetes and gender influenced perceptions of eating and self-care behaviors.

Methods: A vignette was developed in which a hypothetical friend engaged in diabetes self-care behaviors during a meal. Respondents (231 young adults) read vignettes that varied according to a 2 x 2 design (male vs female, preventative disclosure vs nondisclosure of diabetes).