Sutured attachment of the implantable Doppler probe cuff for large or complex pedicles in free tissue transfer.

The Cook-Swartz implantable Doppler probe (Cook Medical(®), Cook Ireland Ltd., Limerick, Ireland) has evolved as a useful option for postoperative free flap monitoring. For placement, the probe either is left unattached around the venous pedicle or is secured.

"Paradoxical" immune-mediated reactions to Mycobacterium ulcerans during antibiotic treatment: a result of treatment success, not failure.

We present the first clinical descriptions of immune-mediated paradoxical reactions to effective antibiotic treatment for Mycobacterium ulcerans infection, which result in clinical deterioration after initial improvement. Recognition of this phenomenon could prevent unnecessary changes to antibiotic regimens, and might obviate the need for, or reduce the extent of, further surgery.