Automated analysis of flow cytometry data with minimal training files: Research evaluation of an elastic image registration algorithm for TBNK, stem cell enumeration, and lymphoid screening tube assays.

Automated analysis of flow cytometry data can improve objectivity and reduce analysis time but has generally required work by software and algorithm experts. Here, we investigated the performance of BD ElastiGate™ Software (hereafter ElastiGate), which allows users to automate gating by selecting gated training files, then uses elastic image registration to gate new files. Three assays of increasing complexity were examined: TBNK, stem cell enumeration (SCE), and lymphoid screening tube (LST).

Widening the net: Use of social media data in personal injury and disability evaluations.

A central tenet of forensic mental health assessment is the use of multiple sources of data. Traditionally, these sources have included clinical interviews with and observations of the examinee, written records review, psychological test data, and interviews with collateral sources. Data from social media and social networking sites (SNS) is now widely used in civil litigation.

The magnitude and variability of neurocognitive performance in first-episode psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.

Neurocognitive deficits are a core feature of psychotic disorders, but it is unclear whether they affect all individuals uniformly. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the evidence on the magnitude, progression, and variability of neurocognitive functioning in individuals with first-episode psychosis (FEP). A multistep literature search was conducted in several databases up to November 1, 2022.

Longitudinal change in neurocognitive functioning in children and adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis: a systematic review.

Clinical high risk of psychosis (CHR-P) population has become an attractive area of interest in preventing transitions to psychosis. The consequences of developing a psychotic disorder may be worse in cases of early onset. Thus, childhood and adolescence represent a critical developmental window, where opportunities to gain social and adaptive abilities depend on the individuals' neurocognitive performance.

Brain structural abnormalities of the associative striatum in adolescents and young adults at genetic high-risk of schizophrenia: Implications for illness endophenotypes.

Objective: Dysfunction in cortico-striatal circuitry represents a core component of the pathophysiology in schizophrenia (SZ) but its potential as a candidate endophenotype of the illness is often confounded by neuroleptic medication.

Methods: Accordingly, 26 adolescent and young adult participants at genetic high-risk for schizophrenia, but who were asymptomatic and neuroleptic naïve, and 28 age-matched controls underwent 1.5T structural magnetic resonance imaging of the striatum, manually parcellated into limbic (LST), associative (AST), and sensorimotor (SMST) functional subregions.

Examining the variability of neurocognitive functioning in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: a meta-analysis.

This study aims to meta-analytically characterize the presence and magnitude of within-group variability across neurocognitive functioning in young people at Clinical High-Risk for psychosis (CHR-P) and comparison groups. Multistep, PRISMA/MOOSE-compliant systematic review (PROSPERO-CRD42020192826) of the Web of Science database, Cochrane Central Register of Reviews and Ovid/PsycINFO and trial registries up to July 1, 2020. The risk of bias was assessed using a modified version of the NOS for cohort and cross-sectional studies.

Neurocognitive Functioning in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Importance: Neurocognitive functioning is a potential biomarker to advance detection, prognosis, and preventive care for individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P). The current consistency and magnitude of neurocognitive functioning in individuals at CHR-P are undetermined.

Objective: To provide an updated synthesis of evidence on the consistency and magnitude of neurocognitive functioning in individuals at CHR-P.

Cognitive dysfunction in a psychotropic medication-naïve, clinical high-risk sample from the ShangHai-At-Risk-for-Psychosis (SHARP) study: Associations with clinical outcomes.

Objectives: 1) to assess generalizability of neurocognitive deficits reported in previous Western clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis studies in a prodromal program in Shanghai, China; and 2) to investigate neurocognition in CHR subjects in relation to a broader range of clinical outcomes (e.g. remission) than presence or absence of psychosis.

Clinical Outcomes and Satisfaction following Neuropsychological Assessment for Adults: A Community Hospital Prospective Quasi-Experimental Study.

Objective: Patients and other stakeholders generally report high satisfaction with neuropsychological evaluations (NPEs), but no research has examined effects of cognitive, emotional, and other factors that often prompt evaluations. A prospective, quasi-experimental study was conducted to examine self-reported cognitive and psychiatric symptoms, self-efficacy, motivation, and satisfaction following a NPE.

Method: Participants from a neuropsychology clinic who were diagnosed with AD/HD and/or a DSM-IV mood disorder based on a NPE were included, and excluded if diagnosed with dementia or failure on performance validity tests.

Effect of vasopressor use on digit survival after replantation and revascularization-A large retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: Despite the common use of intraoperative vasopressors in hand microsurgery, the association between intraoperative vasopressor use and digital replant failure has not yet been examined. Our study aims to examine the association between intraoperative vasopressor use (phenylephrine and/or ephedrine) and postoperative digital failure of replanted or revascularized digits.

Methods: All patients from a single tertiary hand center who underwent unilateral digital replantation or revascularization procedures between 2005 and 2016 were included in this retrospective cohort study.

Development of a Boston Treatment Program for Youth at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: Center for Early Detection, Assessment, and Response to Risk (CEDAR).

Over the past two decades, increasing attention has been given to the importance of early intervention for psychosis. This article describes the development of the Center for Early Detection, Assessment and Response to Risk (CEDAR), which focuses on early identification and treatment of youth at clinical high risk for psychosis. There are relatively few models in the United States for such programs, and we present our developmental story, focusing mainly on the CEDAR Clinic, as a case study of how such a program can develop.

Neurocognitive profiles in the prodrome to psychosis in NAPLS-1.

Background: Most studies of neurocognitive functioning in Clinical High Risk (CHR) cohorts have examined group averages, likely concealing heterogeneous subgroups. We aimed to identify neurocognitive subgroups and to explore associated outcomes.

Methods: Data were acquired from 324 participants (mean age 18.

Healthy adolescent performance on the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB): Developmental data from two samples of volunteers.

The MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) fills a significant need for a standardized battery of cognitive tests to use in clinical trials for schizophrenia in adults aged 20-59. A need remains, however, to develop norms for younger individuals, who also show elevated risks for schizophrenia. Toward this end, we assessed performance in healthy adolescents.

Family-Directed Cognitive Adaptation Pilot: Teaching Cognitive Adaptation to Families of Individuals with Schizophrenia.

Cognitive deficits are a major determinant of functional outcome in schizophrenia. A promising treatment involves teaching individuals to use cognitive adaptation strategies to minimize the functional impact of cognitive difficulties. We developed Family Directed Cognitive Adaptation (FCA) to train caregivers to help their relatives with schizophrenia use cognitive adaptations to improve living skills.

The examination of soft tissue compliance in the thoracic region for the development of a spinal manipulation training mannequin.

Purpose: To determine if the soft tissue compliance of the thoracic paraspinal musculature differs based on gender and body type to help create a foam human analogue mannequin to assist in the training of spinal manipulative therapy.

Methods: 54 volunteers were grouped based on their gender and body types. In the prone position, thoracic paraspinal soft tissue compliance was measured at T1, T3 T6, T9 and T12 vertebrae levels bilaterally using a tissue compliance meter.

Frequency and pattern of childhood symptom onset reported by first episode schizophrenia and clinical high risk youth.

Background: Psychosis prevention and early intervention efforts in schizophrenia have focused increasingly on sub-threshold psychotic symptoms in adolescents and young adults. Although many youth report symptom onset prior to adolescence, the childhood incidence of prodromal-level symptoms in those with schizophrenia or related psychoses is largely unknown.

Methods: This study reports on the retrospective recall of prodromal-level symptoms from 40 participants in a first-episode of schizophrenia (FES) and 40 participants at "clinical high risk" (CHR) for psychosis.

The nature and evolution of insight in schizophrenia: a multi-informant longitudinal study of first-episode versus chronic patients.

Background And Aims: This study investigated a novel distinction between two possible sources of poor insight in schizophrenia: primary unawareness, in which the ill person is not aware that other people think one has a problem, and secondary unawareness (or disagreement), in which a person does appreciate that other people think one has a problem. A secondary goal was to compare the evolution of insight in first-episode and chronic schizophrenia.

Methods: Sixty-eight first-episode and 51 chronic patients were administered two versions of the Scale of Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD) at three time points: hospital admission, discharge, and 6-month post-discharge.

Development of liability syndromes for schizophrenia: where did they come from and where are they going?

Three decades after Paul Meehl proposed the term "schizotaxia" to describe a conceptual framework for understanding the liability to schizophrenia, Ming Tsuang et al. at Harvard University reformulated the concept as a clinical syndrome with provisional research criteria. The reformulated view relied heavily on more recent data showing that many non-psychotic, un-medicated biological relatives of individuals with schizophrenia showed difficulties in cognitive and other clinical functions that resembled those seen in their ill relatives.

Change in neuropsychological functioning over one year in youth at clinical high risk for psychosis.

Schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders are associated with significant neuropsychological (NP) impairments. Yet the onset and developmental evolution of these impairments remains incompletely characterized. This study examined NP functioning over one year in a sample of youth at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis participating in a treatment study.

Neurocognitive and clinical dysfunction in adult Chinese, nonpsychotic relatives of patients with schizophrenia: Findings from the Changsha study and evidence for schizotaxia.

Many first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia demonstrate deficits in neurocognitive, social, clinical and other dimensions, in the absence of psychosis. Based on a reformulation of Meehl's concept of "schizotaxia" as a clinically meaningful syndrome reflecting liability to schizophrenia, we proposed research criteria in relatives focused on negative symptoms and neurocognitive deficits. Here we assess validity of the syndrome in a sample of Chinese adult relatives by assessing measures of concurrent validity, and by using cluster analysis to test the hypothesis that relatives could be grouped into distinct schizotaxic and non-schizotaxic subgroups based on our diagnostic criteria.

Auditory working memory impairments in individuals at familial high risk for schizophrenia.

Objectives: The search for predictors of schizophrenia has accelerated with a growing focus on early intervention and prevention of psychotic illness. Studying nonpsychotic relatives of individuals with schizophrenia enables identification of markers of vulnerability for the illness independent of confounds associated with psychosis. The goal of these studies was to develop new auditory continuous performance tests (ACPTs) and evaluate their effects in individuals with schizophrenia and their relatives.

Neurocognitive outcomes in the Treatment of Early-Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders study.

Objective: To assess neurocognitive outcomes following antipsychotic intervention in youth enrolled in the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded Treatment of Early-Onset Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (TEOSS).

Method: Neurocognitive functioning of youth (ages 8 to 19 years) with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder was evaluated in a four-site, randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing molindone, olanzapine, and risperidone. The primary outcomes were overall group change from baseline in neurocognitive composite and six domain scores after 8 weeks and continued treatment up to 52 weeks.

Are neurocognitive, clinical and social dysfunctions in schizotaxia reversible pharmacologically?: Results from the Changsha study.

The Changsha study identifies adult, non-psychotic relatives of patients with schizophrenia who show deficits in neurocognitive, social, clinical and other dimensions, and who meet provisional criteria for a liability syndrome for schizophrenia ('schizotaxia'). In this study, we investigated whether negative symptoms, neurocognitive deficits, or other measures of clinical and social function in subjects who met our research criteria for schizotaxia were amenable to pharmacological remediation with a low dose (2.0 mg) of risperidone, a second generation antipsychotic medication.