Metabolically healthy obesity in adults with X-linked hypophosphatemia.

Objectives: X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is characterized by increased concentrations of circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) resulting in phosphate wasting, hypophosphatemia, atypical growth plate and bone matrix mineralization. Epidemiologic studies suggest a relationship between FGF-23, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction. The prevalence of overweight and obesity is high in children with XLH.

HLA-Class II Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells in CD4 T Cell-Based Immunotherapy.

CD4 T cells differentiate into various T helper subsets characterized by distinct cytokine secreting profiles that confer them effector functions adapted to a variety of infectious or endogenous threats. Regulatory CD4 T cells are another specialized subset that plays a fundamental role in the maintenance of immune tolerance to self-antigens. Manipulating effector or regulatory CD4 T cells responses is a promising immunotherapy strategy for, respectively, chronical viral infections and cancer, or severe autoimmune diseases and transplantation.

Increased frequencies of circulating and tumor-resident Vδ1 T cells in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Gamma-delta (γδ) T cells contribute to the innate immune response against cancer. In samples of 20 patients upon DLBCL diagnosis, we found that Vδ1 T cells were the major γδ T cell subset in tumors and PBMCs of patients, while Vδ2 T cells were preponderant in PBMCs of healthy subjects. Interestingly, the germinal center (GC) subtype was associated with an increase in Vδ1 T cells in tumors, whereas the non-GC subtype was associated with a lower frequency of γδ T cells.

Artificial antigen-presenting cells expressing HLA class II molecules as an effective tool for amplifying human specific memory CD4(+) T cells.

Owing to their multiple immune functions, CD4(+) T cells are of major interest for immunotherapy in chronic viral infections and cancer, as well as for severe autoimmune diseases and transplantation. Therefore, standardized methods allowing rapid generation of a large number of CD4(+) T cells for adoptive immunotherapy are still awaited. We constructed stable artificial antigen-presenting cells (AAPCs) derived from mouse fibroblasts.