The idiopathic intracranial hypertension prospective cohort study: evaluation of prognostic factors and outcomes.

Background: There are limited longitudinal data evaluating outcomes in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). We aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes in a real-world cohort of patients with IIH and sought to establish the prognostic factors.

Methods: A longitudinal prospective cohort study was conducted over 9 years (2012-2021).

A laser powder bed fusion system for operando synchrotron x-ray imaging and correlative diagnostic experiments at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource.

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a highly dynamic multi-physics process used for the additive manufacturing (AM) of metal components. Improving process understanding and validating predictive computational models require high-fidelity diagnostics capable of capturing data in challenging environments. Synchrotron x-ray techniques play a vital role in the validation process as they are the only in situ diagnostic capable of imaging sub-surface melt pool dynamics and microstructure evolution during LPBF-AM.

A feasible route for the design and manufacture of customised respiratory protection through digital facial capture.

The World Health Organisation has called for a 40% increase in personal protective equipment manufacturing worldwide, recognising that frontline workers need effective protection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Current devices suffer from high fit-failure rates leaving significant proportions of users exposed to risk of viral infection. Driven by non-contact, portable, and widely available 3D scanning technologies, a workflow is presented whereby a user's face is rapidly categorised using relevant facial parameters.

Utilization of machine learning to accelerate colloidal synthesis and discovery.

Machine learning techniques are seeing increased usage for predicting new materials with targeted properties. However, widespread adoption of these techniques is hindered by the relatively greater experimental efforts required to test the predictions. Furthermore, because failed synthesis pathways are rarely communicated, it is difficult to find prior datasets that are sufficient for modeling.

Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Presenting as Unilateral Acute Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy.

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (eGPA) is a rare vasculitis of small-medium sized vessels that can cause both anterior and posterior ischaemic optic neuropathies. Herein, the authors present a rare case of eGPA presenting initially as an acute unilateral anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy from short posterior ciliary artery vasculitis. The diagnosis presented a challenge as clinical and histopathological evidence suggested allergic rhinosinusitis, and no invasive fungal sinusitis was found.

Using Optical Coherence Tomography as a Surrogate of Measurements of Intracranial Pressure in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.

Importance: There is an unmet need for noninvasive biomarkers of intracranial pressure (ICP), which manifests as papilledema that can be quantified by optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging.

Objective: To determine whether OCT of the optic nerve head in papilledema could act as a surrogate measure of ICP.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This longitudinal cohort study used data collected from 3 randomized clinical trials that were conducted between April 1, 2014, and August 1, 2019.

Surface Initiated Polymer Thin Films for the Area Selective Deposition and Etching of Metal Oxides.

The area selective growth of polymers and their use as inhibiting layers for inorganic film depositions may provide a valuable self-aligned process for fabrication. Polynorbornene (PNB) thin films were grown from surface-bound initiators and show inhibitory properties against the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of ZnO and TiO. Area selective control of the polymerization was achieved through the synthesis of initiators that incorporate surface-binding ligands, enabling their selective attachment to metal oxide features silicon dielectrics, which were then used to initiate surface polymerizations.

The United Kingdom Neuro-Ophthalmology Superheroes Day 2019.

A key theme of the United Kingdom Neuro-ophthalmology Superheroes Day was to address emerging topics in Neuro-Ophthalmology and the meeting included speakers from around the world. Rapid cases introduced topics which included non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy, imaging in optic nerve disorders, paediatric optic neuritis, mitochondrial disorders and idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Prospective double-blinded randomized controlled trial of Microwave versus RadioFrequency Ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma (McRFA trial).

Background: Microwave (MWA) and radiofrequency ablation are the commonly used local ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Studies comparing both techniques are scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of MWA versus RFA as a treatment for HCC.

Subsurface Cooling Rates and Microstructural Response during Laser Based Metal Additive Manufacturing.

Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is a method of additive manufacturing characterized by the rapid scanning of a high powered laser over a thin bed of metallic powder to create a single layer, which may then be built upon to form larger structures. Much of the melting, resolidification, and subsequent cooling take place at much higher rates and with much higher thermal gradients than in traditional metallurgical processes, with much of this occurring below the surface. We have used in situ high speed X-ray diffraction to extract subsurface cooling rates following resolidification from the melt and above the β-transus in titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V.

Dynamics of pore formation during laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing.

Laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing is an emerging 3D printing technique for the fabrication of advanced metal components. Widespread adoption of it and similar additive technologies is hampered by poor understanding of laser-metal interactions under such extreme thermal regimes. Here, we elucidate the mechanism of pore formation and liquid-solid interface dynamics during typical laser powder bed fusion conditions using in situ X-ray imaging and multi-physics simulations.

Pattern of disease recurrence and its implications for postoperative surveillance after curative hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: experience from a single center.

Background: Hepatectomy is a widely accepted curative treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the disease frequently recurs after a curative hepatectomy. The objective of this study is to provide a better understanding of the pattern of disease recurrence and the risk factors involved so as to improve the postoperative surveillance.

An instrument for in situ time-resolved X-ray imaging and diffraction of laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing processes.

In situ X-ray-based measurements of the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing process produce unique data for model validation and improved process understanding. Synchrotron X-ray imaging and diffraction provide high resolution, bulk sensitive information with sufficient sampling rates to probe melt pool dynamics as well as phase and microstructure evolution. Here, we describe a laboratory-scale LPBF test bed designed to accommodate diffraction and imaging experiments at a synchrotron X-ray source during LPBF operation.

Microwave ablation provides better survival than liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with borderline liver function: application of ALBI score to patient selection.

Background: Studies comparing microwave ablation (MWA) and liver resection are lacking. This study evaluates the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with liver resection or MWA and the role of Albumin-Bilirubin (ALBI) score in patient selection for treatments.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients who received curative liver resection or MWA for HCC.

Retraction: A photon thermal diode.

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6446.

Ligand Exchange-Mediated Activation and Stabilization of a Re-Based Olefin Metathesis Catalyst by Chlorinated Alumina.

Extensive chlorination of γ-AlO results in the formation of highly Lewis acidic surface domains depleted in surface hydroxyl groups. Adsorption of methyltrioxorhenium (MTO) onto these chlorinated domains serves to activate it as a low temperature, heterogeneous olefin metathesis catalyst and confers both high activity and high stability. Characterization of the catalyst reveals that the immobilized MTO undergoes partial ligand exchange with the surface, whereby some Re sites acquire a chloride ligand from the modified alumina while donating an oxo ligand to the support.

Liver stiffness measurement predicts high-grade post-hepatectomy liver failure: A prospective cohort study.

Background And Aim: Liver stiffness measurement using transient elastography appears to be an excellent tool for detection of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis with high accuracy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative liver stiffness measurement in predicting post-hepatectomy liver failure.

Methods: A prospective cohort study of all consecutive patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma from February 2010 to August 2014 was studied.

Robotic Liver Resection For Primary Hepatolithiasis: Is It Beneficial?

Background: Primary hepatolithiasis is a disease characterized by primary biliary ductal abnormality with stone formation predominantly within the intrahepatic bile ducts. Its management is difficult, but liver resection has emerged as a promising treatment option.

Methods: Robotic liver resection (RLR) has been adopted in our center for the management of patients with hepatolithiasis.

Long-term outcomes of microwave versus radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma by surgical approach: A retrospective comparative study.

Background: Both microwave ablation (MWA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) are commonly employed local ablation techniques for malignant liver tumors. However, comparative data on long-term results between these two techniques is scarce in the literature.

Methods: This is a retrospective comparative study between MWA and RFA for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using surgical approach.

Laparoscopic and robotic hepatectomy: experience from a single centre.

Background: Both laparoscopic and robotic hepatectomy have been adopted in our centre for selected patients with benign or malignant liver diseases. This article reports the perioperative outcomes of these two approaches and tries to determine any difference between them.

Methods: A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was performed for all patients who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) and robotic hepatectomy (RH) in our institute.

A photon thermal diode.

A thermal diode is a two-terminal nonlinear device that rectifies energy carriers (for example, photons, phonons and electrons) in the thermal domain, the heat transfer analogue to the familiar electrical diode. Effective thermal rectifiers could have an impact on diverse applications ranging from heat engines to refrigeration, thermal regulation of buildings and thermal logic. However, experimental demonstrations have lagged far behind theoretical proposals.