MouseVUER: video based open-source system for laboratory mouse home-cage monitoring.

Video monitoring of mice in the home-cage reveals behavior profiles without the disruptions caused by specialized test setups and makes it possible to quantify changes in behavior patterns continually over long time frames. Several commercial home-cage monitoring systems are available with varying costs and capabilities; however there are currently no open-source systems for home-cage monitoring. We present an open-source system for top-down video monitoring of research mice in a slightly modified home-cage.

To bleed or not to bleed? Case series and discussion of haemorrhage risk with enzymatic debridement in burn injuries.

Introduction: Surgical burn excision (along with skin grafting) carries the risk of blood loss. The use of enzymatic debridement agents such as Nexobrid® has gained increased popularity as an alternative to surgical debridement in the management of burns with its reported benefits of selective burn debridement, minimising blood loss and potentially reducing the need for skin grafting. However, there is limited evidence regarding its effects on bleeding.

Positive outcomes for operatively managed self-harm burns.

Within healthcare generally, patients who self-harm can experience stigma and inequitable medical care. Previous studies have suggested that patients with small self-harm burn injuries may not be treated equally in comparison to non-intentional injuries. Furthermore, there is an absence of literature related to surgical outcomes for self-harm burn injuries.

Adverse vacuolation in multiple tissues in cynomolgus monkeys following repeat-dose administration of a PEGylated protein.

PEGylation is considered a safe mechanism to enhance the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of biotherapeutics. Previous studies using PEGylation as a PK enhancement tool have reported benign PEG-related vacuolation in multiple tissues. This paper establishes a threshold for PEG burden beyond which there are alterations in tissue architecture that could potentially lead to dysfunction.

Successful treatment of mixed depth flame burns using enzymatic debridement with Nexobrid™ in a patient with aggressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).

Introduction: Enzymatic debridement for mixed depth and full thickness burns is gaining recognition as an important technique available to the burns surgeon. Reductions in blood loss, the need for autologous skin grafting and the number of wounds requiring surgical excision are among the benefits of this evolving treatment modality. We present a case of successful treatment using enzymatic debridement of mixed depth flame burns in a young patient with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma).

Towards Personalized Medicine: An Improved Assembly Procedure for Early Detection of Drug Resistant HIV Minor Quasispecies in Patient Samples.

The third-generation sequencing technology, PacBio, has shown an ability to sequence the HIV virus amplicons in their full length. The long read of PaBio offers a distinct advantage to comprehensively understand the virus evolution complexity at quasispecies level (i.e.

Comparative validation of the D. melanogaster modENCODE transcriptome annotation.

Accurate gene model annotation of reference genomes is critical for making them useful. The modENCODE project has improved the D. melanogaster genome annotation by using deep and diverse high-throughput data.

Occurrence of spontaneous pancreatic lesions in normal and diabetic rats: a potential confounding factor in the nonclinical assessment of GLP-1-based therapies.

Glucagon-like peptide 1-based therapies, collectively described as incretins, produce glycemic benefits in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Recent publications raised concern for a potential increased risk of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer with incretins based in part on findings from a small number of rodents. However, extensive toxicology assessments in a substantial number of animals dosed up to 2 years at high multiples of human exposure do not support these concerns.

Enantioselective desymmetrizing palladium catalyzed carbonylation reactions: the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of quaternary carbon center containing 1,3-dienes.

A desymmetrization protocol has been used to develop a palladium catalyzed enantioselective carbonylation process. Achiral cyclic bis-alkenyltriflates are converted to their corresponding monoester derivatives with selectivities of up to 96% ee.

Incisor degeneration in rats induced by vascular endothelial growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibition.

BMS-645737, an inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-2 and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor-1, has anti-angiogenic activity and was evaluated in nonclinical studies as a treatment for cancer. This article characterizes the BMS-645737-induced clinical, gross, and histologic lesions of incisor teeth in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Rats received 0 800 mg/kg BMS-645737 in a single-dose study or consecutive daily doses of 0 20 mg/kg/day in a 1-month study.

Reconstruction for time-domain in vivo EPR 3D multigradient oximetric imaging--a parallel processing perspective.

Three-dimensional Oximetric Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging using the Single Point Imaging modality generates unpaired spin density and oxygen images that can readily distinguish between normal and tumor tissues in small animals. It is also possible with fast imaging to track the changes in tissue oxygenation in response to the oxygen content in the breathing air. However, this involves dealing with gigabytes of data for each 3D oximetric imaging experiment involving digital band pass filtering and background noise subtraction, followed by 3D Fourier reconstruction.

Biotransformation of [14C]dasatinib: in vitro studies in rat, monkey, and human and disposition after administration to rats and monkeys.

This study describes the in vitro metabolism of [(14)C]dasatinib in liver tissue incubations from rat, monkey, and human and the in vivo metabolism in rat and monkey. Across species, dasatinib underwent in vitro oxidative metabolism to form five primary oxidative metabolites. In addition to the primary metabolites, secondary metabolites formed from combinations of the oxidative pathways and conjugated metabolites of dasatinib and its oxidative metabolites were also observed in hepatocytes incubations.

Palladium-catalysed N-annulation routes to indoles: the synthesis of indoles with sterically demanding N-substituents, including demethylasterriquinone A1.

Tandem palladium-catalysed aryl and alkenyl C-N bond formation allows the synthesis of a variety of indoles bearing sterically demanding N-substituents, including the natural product demethylasterriquinone A1.

Tandem palladium-catalyzed urea arylation-intramolecular ester amidation: regioselective synthesis of 3-alkylated 2,4-quinazolinediones.

o-Halo benzoates can be combined with monoalkyl ureas in a tandem palladium-catalyzed arylation-ester amidation sequence to deliver quinazolinedione products. The reactions are regioselective for formation of the 3-N-alkyl isomers. Significant variation of both coupling partners is possible, allowing the synthesis of a diverse array of substituted quinazolinediones, exemplified by the preparation of a simple unsymmetric-dialkylated natural product.

Synthesis of ellipticine: a radical cascade protocol to aryl- and heteroaryl-annulated[b]carbazoles.

[reaction: see text] Imidoyl selanides, synthesized from amides, have been used as radical precursors of imidoyl radicals in cascade reactions. The novel radical cascade has been developed for the simple synthesis of the medicinally important aryl-annulated[b]carbazoles. The protocol has been exemplified with the high-yielding total synthesis of the anticancer alkaloid ellipticine.

Synthesis of heteroarenes using cascade radical cyclisation via iminyl radicals.

Cascade radical cyclisation involving homolytic aromatic substitution has been used to synthesise new tetracycles. Treatment of vinyl iodide radical precursors with Me(3)Sn. radicals (from hexamethylditin) yielded intermediate vinyl radicals which undergo 5-exo cyclisation onto suitably placed nitrile groups to yield intermediate iminyl radicals.

The pupillary effects of intravenous morphine, codeine, and tramadol in volunteers.

Opioid analgesics have pharmacological effects in many organ systems, including the eye. Because the metabolites of morphine and codeine contribute to their overall pharmacological effect pupil diameter measurements were made over a 6-h period. We studied the pupillary effects of IV morphine (0.