Residual performance impairments in adult rats trained on an object discrimination task subsequent to cocaine administration during adolescence.

The present study was conducted to determine whether cognitive impairments in adult rats treated with cocaine during adolescence demonstrated in previous investigations extend to tests of object discrimination learning. Accordingly, 30-day-old male Long-Evans rats were injected subcutaneously with either 10 or 20 mg/kg cocaine or received control injections of saline for 7-8 consecutive days. An extended abstinence period was then introduced (mean = 70.

Anxiety-like responses in adolescent rats following a 10-11-day withdrawal period from repeated cocaine administration.

The present study was conducted to determine whether increases in anxiety-like behavior in adolescent rats repeatedly treated with cocaine would be observed following a withdrawal period of an intermediate length (i.e., more than 1 day but less than 2 weeks).

Anxiogenesis in adult rats treated chronically with cocaine during adolescence: effects of extended abstinence and 8-OH-DPAT treatment.

Our laboratory has recently observed the development of an anxiogenic response after a short abstinence period ( approximately 10 days) in young adult rats treated repeatedly with cocaine during adolescence. The present study was conducted to determine if this effect persists into adulthood following extended durations of abstinence and whether it could be modulated with the 5-HT(1A) agonist (+/-)-8-hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino)tetralin hydrobromide (8-OH-DPAT). Accordingly, 30-day-old rats were injected with either 10mg/kg cocaine or saline for 8 consecutive days.

Wheel-running behavior is altered following withdrawal from repeated cocaine in adult rats.

The residual effects on open-field habituation and self-generated wheel running following withdrawal from repeated cocaine (COC; 30 mg/kg for 7 days) were examined in adult male rats. Control subjects received equivolumetric injections of saline (SAL) and were either allowed to feed ad libitum or pair-fed matched (PF SAL) to COC subjects to control for the drug's potential anorexic effect. Following 10 days of withdrawal, all subjects were examined twice on each of the two assessment instruments.

Adolescent cocaine residually impairs working memory and enhances fear memory in rats.

The residual effects of cocaine during adolescence on memory in male young adult rats were studied. Animals were injected with 20 mg/kg cocaine on postnatal Days 28 through 35, whereas lab-chow (LC) and pair-fed (PF) control subjects received saline. Assessment of spatial working and long-term memory in the Morris water maze, and 72-h retention of an inhibitory avoidance task was conducted at about 5 and 9 weeks postcocaine, respectively.

Chronic ethanol consumption in rats produces residual increases in anxiety 4 months after withdrawal.

The present study investigated the long-term effects of ethanol consumption in rats. Subjects were maintained on either an ethanol (alcohol) (2.7-6.

Altered ultrasonic vocalization in mice with a disruption in the Foxp2 gene.

Neurobiology of speech and language has previously been studied in the KE family, in which half of the members have severe impairment in both speech and language. The gene responsible for the phenotype was mapped to chromosome 7q31 and identified as the FOXP2 gene, coding for a transcription factor containing a polyglutamine tract and a forkhead DNA-binding domain. Because of linkage studies implicating 7q31 in autism, where language impairment is a component of the disorder, and in specific language impairment, FOXP2 has also been considered as a potential susceptibility locus for the language deficits in autism and/or specific language impairment.

Assessing the enduring residual neuropsychological effects of head trauma in college athletes who participate in contact sports.

The present study examined the enduring residual neuropsychological effects of head trauma in college athletes using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Postconcussion Syndrome Checklist, and the Stroop task. Based on a brief self-report concussion history survey, male and female athletes who participated in ice hockey, field hockey, lacrosse, and/or soccer were assigned to one of three concussion-history conditions: Non-concussed, Non-recent concussed (i.e.

Cocaine in adolescent rats produces residual memory impairments that are reversible with time.

Rats received injections (subcutaneous) of either 10 or 20 mg/kg cocaine on postnatal days 26-33, while lab chow-fed and pair-fed controls received saline. Spatial memory in a Morris water maze was assessed on four different occasions commencing 10 days postcocaine and ending approximately 12 months later. To determine whether there existed long-term changes in cholinergic processes, maze performance was evaluated following 1 mg/kg scopolamine challenge 4 months postcocaine.

Residual behavioral and neuroanatomical effects of short-term chronic ethanol consumption in rats.

The residual effects of short-term chronic ethanol consumption were investigated in rats maintained on an ethanol liquid diet for 26 consecutive days (mean intake = 16.1 g/kg/day). Animals were assessed for spontaneous motor activity (12 days post-ethanol), spatial working memory (17 days post-ethanol), spatial reference memory (184 days post-ethanol), and retention of passive avoidance (201 days post-ethanol).

Memory reactivation in rats treated with the 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT: a case of gone, but not forgotten.

The effect of various doses of the serotonin-1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT at training on 72-hr retention of passive avoidance was investigated in rats. Results indicated impaired retention, as measured by latency to avoid shock. However, when total time spent in the nonshock compartment at test was assessed, the performance of drug-treated subjects was not significantly different than that of control animals.

p-Chloroamphetamine blocks physostigmine-induced memory enhancement in rats with unilateral nucleus basalis lesions.

The present experiment examined whether p-chloroamphetamine (PCA), a serotonergic releasing/depleting agent, would block the memory-enhancing effect of physostigmine in rats with N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced unilateral lesions of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (uni-nbM). Six groups of subjects with uni-nbM lesions in addition to an isolated sham-operated control group were included. Subjects were trained and tested 72 h later on a one-trial passive avoidance task.

Altered Abeta formation and long-term potentiation in a calsenilin knock-out.

Calsenilin has been identified as a presenilin-binding protein, a transcription factor regulating dynorphin expression, and a beta-subunit of Kv4 channels and could, thus, be a multifunctional protein. To study these functions of calsenilin in vivo and to determine the neuroanatomical expression pattern of calsenilin, we generated mice with a disruption of the calsenilin gene by the targeted insertion of the beta-galactosidase gene. We found that calsenilin expression (as represented by beta-galactosidase activity) is very restricted but overlaps better with that of presenilins and Kv4 channels than with dynorphin, suggesting that calsenilin may regulate presenilin and Kv4 channels in brain.

Peripheral 8-OH-DPAT and scopolamine infused into the frontal cortex produce passive avoidance retention impairments in rats.

The present study determined whether peripheral injections of the 5HT(1A) agonist (8-OH-DPAT), scopolamine infusions into the frontal cortex, or a combination of both drug treatments would produce impairments in rats trained on passive avoidance. Using a 2x2 design, rats were infused with either bacteriostatic water or 30 microg/1 microl of scopolamine HCl into the frontal cortex 30 min before being trained on passive avoidance. This was followed by injections (ip) of either 0.

Multiple injections of thyrotropin releasing hormone fail to reverse learning and memory deficits in rats with lesions of the nucleus basalis of meynert.

The learning and memory enhancing effects of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) was examined in an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. Adult rats were prepared with either sham surgeries or cholinergic lesions of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM). Subjects were injected (ip) with one of three doses of TRH (0, 5, 10 mg/kg) starting on the day of surgery and continuing once every other day for a total of four injections.