A longitudinal study of fatty acid profiles, macronutrient levels, and plasmin activity in human milk.

Introduction: Human milk provides nutrients essential for infant growth and health, levels of which are dynamic during lactation.

Methods: In this study, changes in macronutrients, fatty acids, and plasmin activities over the first six months of lactation in term milk were studied.

Results: There was a significant influence of lactation stage on levels of protein and plasmin activities, but not on levels of fat and carbohydrate in term milk.

Characterisation of neonatal seizures and their treatment using continuous EEG monitoring: a multicentre experience.

Objective: The aim of this multicentre study was to describe detailed characteristics of electrographic seizures in a cohort of neonates monitored with multichannel continuous electroencephalography (cEEG) in 6 European centres.

Methods: Neonates of at least 36 weeks of gestation who required cEEG monitoring for clinical concerns were eligible, and were enrolled prospectively over 2 years from June 2013. Additional retrospective data were available from two centres for January 2011 to February 2014.

Corrective ventilation strategies in delivery room resuscitation of preterm infants.

Aim: Corrective ventilation strategies (CVS) during neonatal resuscitation and stabilisation (R&S) are taught through the MRSOPA mnemonic: Mask adjustment, Repositioning airway, Suctioning, Opening the mouth, Increasing inspiratory Pressure, and Alternative airway. The aim was to examine the use of CVS and to investigate the relationship between MRSOPA strategies and intubation of very preterm infants <32 weeks' gestation in the delivery room.

Methods: Retrospective review of video recordings of R&S of preterm infants born in Cork University Maternity Hospital, Ireland.

A Randomized Controlled Trial of End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Detection of Preterm Infants in the Delivery Room.

Objective: To compare the ability of qualitative versus quantitative methods of end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO) detection to maintain normocarbia during face mask ventilation (FMV) of preterm infants (<32 weeks) in the delivery room.

Study Design: Preterm infants <32 weeks were randomly assigned to the use of a disposable PediCap EtCO detector (Covidien, Dublin, Ireland) (qualitative) or a Microstream side stream capnography device (Covidien) (quantitative) for FMV in the delivery room, via a NeoPuff T-piece resuscitator (Fisher and Paykel, Auckland, New Zealand). The primary outcome was the presence of normocarbia, based on partial pressure of CO (PaCO) readings obtained in the neonatal intensive care unit within an hour of birth.

Short-Term Effects of Phenobarbitone on Electrographic Seizures in Neonates.

Background: Phenobarbitone is the most common first-line anti-seizure drug and is effective in approximately 50% of all neonatal seizures.

Objective: To describe the response of electrographic seizures to the administration of intravenous phenobarbitone in neonates using seizure burden analysis techniques.

Methods: Multi-channel conventional EEG, reviewed by experts, was used to determine the electrographic seizure burden in hourly epochs.

Effects of Fractional Inspired Oxygen on Cerebral Oxygenation in Preterm Infants following Delivery.

Objectives: To explore regional cerebral oxygen saturations (rcSO2) in preterm neonates initially stabilized with 0.3 fractionated inspired oxygen (FiO2) concentrations. We hypothesized that those infants who received >0.

Standardised formal resuscitation training programmes for reducing mortality and morbidity in newborn infants.

Background: Approximately 10% of all newborns require resuscitation at birth. Training healthcare providers in standardised formal neonatal resuscitation training (SFNRT) programmes may improve neonatal outcomes. Substantial healthcare resources are expended on SFNRT.

Delivery room end tidal CO2 monitoring in preterm infants <32 weeks.

Objectives: To determine the feasibility of end tidal (EtCO2) monitoring of preterm infants in the delivery room, to determine EtCO2 levels during delivery room stabilisation, and to examine the incidence of normocapnia (5-8 kPa) on admission to the neonatal intensive care unit in the EtCO2 monitored group compared with a historical cohort without EtCO2 monitoring.

Patients And Methods: Preterm infants (<32 weeks) were eligible for inclusion in this observational study. The evolution of EtCO2 values immediately after delivery was assessed and linear least-squares methods were used to fit a line to EtCO2 recordings.

Randomised controlled trial of a mobile phone infant resuscitation guide.

Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a mobile phone resuscitation guide (MPRG) and to evaluate its use during simulated resuscitation of a mannequin.

Methods: An MPRG was developed using EpiSurveyor. A randomised controlled trial was performed in school-going children aged 15-16 years.

Identification of aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance genes from within an infant gut functional metagenomic library.

The infant gut microbiota develops rapidly during the first 2 years of life, acquiring microorganisms from diverse sources. During this time, significant opportunities exist for the infant to acquire antibiotic resistant bacteria, which can become established and constitute the infant gut resistome. With increased antibiotic resistance limiting our ability to treat bacterial infections, investigations into resistance reservoirs are highly pertinent.