Renal pelvis pressure and flowrate with a multi-channel ureteroscope: invoking the concept of outflow resistance.

Understanding renal pelvis pressure (P) during ureteroscopy (URS) has become increasingly important. High irrigation rates, desirable to maintain visualization and limit thermal dose, can increase P. Use of a multi-channel ureteroscope (m-ureteroscope) with a dedicated drainage channel is one strategy that may facilitate simultaneous low P and high flowrate.

Maternal smoking during pregnancy, prematurity and recurrent wheezing in early childhood.

Background: Prenatal maternal smoking and prematurity independently affect wheezing and asthma in childhood.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the interactive effects of maternal smoking and prematurity upon the development of early childhood wheezing.

Methods: We evaluated 1,448 children with smoke exposure data from a prospective urban birth cohort in Boston.

The relationship between maternal opioid agonists and psychiatric medications on length of hospitalization for neonatal abstinence syndrome.

Objective: To examine the relationship between maternal opioid agonists, methadone, or buprenorphine (BPH), and concurrent psychiatric medication use on length of hospitalization (LOS) among infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).

Methods: We reviewed the charts of infants born at Boston Medical Center between 2003 and 2009 with a diagnosis of NAS whose mothers were prescribed methadone or BPH for opiate addiction. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to examine associations between maternal opioid substitution concurrent with psychiatric medication use and infant LOS.

Gene polymorphisms, breast-feeding, and development of food sensitization in early childhood.

Background: The effect of breast-feeding on the development of allergic disease is uncertain. There are no data that show whether this relationship varies by individual genotypes.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the effect of breast-feeding and gene-breast-feeding interactions on food sensitization (FS) in a prospective US birth cohort.

Does genetic regulation of IgE begin in utero? Evidence from T(H)1/T(H)2 gene polymorphisms and cord blood total IgE.

Background: Elucidation of early life factors is critical to understand the development of allergic diseases, especially those manifesting in early life such as food allergies and atopic dermatitis. Cord blood IgE (CBIgE) is a recognized risk factor for the subsequent development of allergic diseases. In contrast with numerous genetic studies of total serum IgE in children and adults, limited genetic studies on CBIgE have been conducted.

Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Obesity and Recurrent Wheezing in Early Childhood.

A number of studies have linked obesity with asthma in adults and children. Few longitudinal studies have evaluated the effect of maternal pre-pregnancy obesity on either asthma or early childhood respiratory morbidity, and these have not been in urban, nonwhite populations. We sought to determine whether pre-pregnancy obesity was associated with recurrent wheezing in an urban, nonwhite population.