Otolaryngology-Assisted Approach for Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.

First introduced by Robinson & Smith in 1955, the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery has seen minimal changes over the years. Its reproducibility, impressive long-term results, and minimal complication rates have established it as one of the most frequently performed cervical spinal fusion surgeries. Yet, post-operative dysphagia remains a concern with a 60% incidence rate.

Is the Transplantation of Elderly and DCD Donors in Low MELD Recipients Justified: An Intent-to-treat Analysis.

Background: Thousands of people die or are removed from the liver transplant waitlist because of deterioration. One major challenge is the donor shortage. Increasing extended criteria donor (ECD) allograft usage can address this.

Directional Deep Brain Stimulation Lead Rotation in the Early Postoperative Period.

Background And Objectives: Directional deep brain stimulation (DBS) enables treatment optimization by current steering using segmented leads. Identification of the lead's rotational orientation is critical to guide programming decisions. Orientation is often assessed during or immediately after implant, but the degree of lead rotation in the following weeks is not well appreciated.

High beta power in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex indexes human approach behavior: a case study.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral capsule and ventral striatum (VC/VS) is an effective therapy for treatment resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (trOCD). DBS initiation often produces acute improvements in mood and energy. These acute behavioral changes, which we refer to as "approach behaviors", include increased social engagement and talkativeness.

Individualized functional magnetic resonance imaging neuromodulation enhances visuospatial perception: a proof-of-concept study.

This proof-of-concept study uses individualized functional magnetic resonance imaging neuromodulation (iNM) to explore the mechanisms that enhance BOLD signals in visuospatial perception (VP) networks that are crucial for navigation. Healthy participants ( = 8) performed a VP up- and down-direction discrimination task at full and subthreshold coherence through peripheral vision, and superimposed direction through visual imagery (VI) at central space under iNM and control conditions. iNM targets individualized anatomical and functional middle- and medial-superior temporal (MST) networks that control VP.

Disruption of neural periodicity predicts clinical response after deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Recent advances in surgical neuromodulation have enabled chronic and continuous intracranial monitoring during everyday life. We used this opportunity to identify neural predictors of clinical state in 12 individuals with treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) receiving deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy ( NCT05915741 ). We developed our neurobehavioral models based on continuous neural recordings in the region of the ventral striatum in an initial cohort of five patients and tested and validated them in a held-out cohort of seven additional patients.

Late-onset lymphopenia during radiation is associated with an increased risk of tumor recurrence in newly diagnosed pediatric medulloblastoma.

Background: Recent data found a correlation between lymphopenia occurring early during craniospinal radiation therapy (RT) and risk of disease recurrence in newly diagnosed childhood medulloblastoma. However, the population included patients who received chemotherapy prior to or during RT. Here, we investigate the effect of lymphopenia during RT in patients with newly diagnosed pediatric medulloblastoma who were chemotherapy-naïve.

Trigeminal and Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia.

Trigeminal neuralgia and glossopharyngeal neuralgia are craniofacial pain syndromes characterized by recurrent brief shock-like pains in the distributions of their respective cranial nerves. In this article, the authors aim to summarize each condition's characteristics, pathophysiology, and current pharmacotherapeutic and surgical interventions available for managing and treating these conditions.

Computer Vision in Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture Risk Prediction: A Systematic Review.

Osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFs) are a significant health concern linked to increased morbidity, mortality, and diminished quality of life. Traditional OVF risk assessment tools like bone mineral density (BMD) only capture a fraction of the risk profile. Artificial intelligence, specifically computer vision, has revolutionized other fields of medicine through analysis of videos, histopathology slides and radiological scans.

A New Complication of Spinal Fusion Surgery for Neuromuscular Scoliosis-Posterior Mediastinal Hematoma: Case Report.

Background And Importance: Neuromuscular scoliosis surgery is affiliated with a high risk of perioperative and postoperative complications. We present the case of a never-before-reported complication: a posterior mediastinal hematoma.

Clinical Presentation: We present the case of a 17-year-old female patient with cerebral palsy and neuromuscular scoliosis with a progressive thoracic kyphosis to 85° and levoscoliosis to 13.

Trigeminal Neuralgia: Diagnosis and Treatment.

Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized classically by recurrent, evocable, unilateral brief, electric, shocklike pains with an abrupt onset and cessation that affects one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve. In recent years, the classification of trigeminal neuralgia has been updated based on further understanding. In this manuscript, the authors aim to explain the current understanding of the pathophysiology of trigeminal neuralgia, current diagnosis criteria, and the pharmacologic management and surgical treatments of options currently available.

Case report: MR-guided laser induced thermal therapy for palliative cingulotomy.

In end-stage cancer, oncologic pain refractory to medical management significantly reduces patients' quality of life. In recent years, ablative surgery has seen a resurgence in treating diffuse and focal cancer pain in terminal patients. The anterior cingulate gyrus has been a key focus as it plays a role in the cognitive and emotional processing of pain.

Neuroablative central lateral thalamotomy for chronic neuropathic pain.

Chronic neuropathic pain refractory to medical management can be debilitating and can seriously affect one's quality of life. The interest of ablative surgery for the treatment or palliation of chronic neuropathic pain, cancer-related or chemotherapy-induced, has grown. Numerous regions along the nociceptive pathways have been prominent targets including the various nuclei of the thalamus.

Long-term outcomes and trends in liver transplantation for hereditary hemochromatosis in the United States.

There have been conflicting data regarding liver transplantation (LT) outcomes for hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), with no recent data on LT outcomes in patients with HH in the past decade. Using the United Network for Organ Sharing registry, we evaluated waitlist and post-LT survival in all adult patients listed for HH without concomitant liver disease from 2003 to 2019. Post-LT survival for HH was compared with a propensity-matched (recipient and donor factors) cohort of recipients with chronic liver disease (CLD).

Ablation Procedures.

Although ablation has a limited role in the management of chronic noncancer pain, ablation continues to help patients with treatment of refractory cancer-related pain. Interdisciplinary treatment involving supportive care, pain medicine, oncology, and neurosurgery is critical to optimizing the timing and outcome of neurosurgical ablative options for pain management. In this review, 3 targets for ablative surgery-the spinothalamic tract, the dorsal column's visceral pain pathway, and the anterior cingulate cortex-are discussed with a focus on patient selection and key aspects of surgical technique.