Measurement Equivalence and Feasibility of the Electronic and Paper Versions of the POSAS, EQ-5D, and DLQI: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are crucial within person-centered care. The use of electronic PROMs (ePROMs) is increasing and multiple advantages have been described. The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) is a validated paper questionnaire to assess patient-reported scar quality in the burn and scar population.

Three-dimensional freeform reflector design with a microfacet surface roughness model.

This paper proposes a methodology for the design of freeform reflectors with scattering surfaces. We use microfacets, which are small, tilted mirrors superimposed on a smooth surface. We form a simple model of surface roughness and light scattering based on the orientations of the microfacets.

Three-dimensional freeform reflector design with a scattering surface.

We introduce an approach to calculating three-dimensional freeform reflectors with a scattering surface. Our method is based on optimal transport and utilizes a Fredholm integral equation to express scattering. By solving this integral equation through a process analogous to deconvolution, we can recover a typical specular design problem.

Computing aberration coefficients for plane-symmetric reflective systems: a Lie algebraic approach.

We apply the Lie algebraic method to reflecting optical systems with plane-symmetric freeform mirrors. Using analytical ray-tracing equations, we construct an optical map. The expansion of this map gives us the aberration coefficients in terms of initial ray coordinates.

Fresnel reflections in inverse double freeform lens design.

In this paper we present a method for designing a double freeform lens that includes the effect of Fresnel reflections on the output intensity. We elaborate this method for the case of a point source and a far-field target. A new expression for the transmittance through a double freeform lens is derived, and we adapt a least-squares algorithm to account for this transmittance.

Two-dimensional freeform reflector design with a scattering surface.

We combine two-dimensional freeform reflector design with a scattering surface modeled using microfacets, i.e., small, specular, surfaces representing surface roughness.

Alternative computation of the Seidel aberration coefficients using the Lie algebraic method.

We give a brief introduction to Hamiltonian optics and Lie algebraic methods. We use these methods to describe the operators governing light propagation, refraction, and reflection in phase space. The method offers a systematic way to find aberration coefficients of any order for arbitrary rotationally symmetric optical systems.

Fresnel reflections in inverse freeform lens design.

In this paper we propose a method to design a freeform lens including the effect of Fresnel reflections on the transmitted intensity. This method is elaborated for a lens with one freeform surface shaping a far-field target from a point source or collimated input beam. It combines the optical mapping with the energy balance incorporating the loss due to Fresnel reflections, which leads to a generalized Monge-Ampère equation.

Mechanomodulation: Physical Treatment Modalities Employ Mechanotransduction to Improve Scarring.

Every year, surgical interventions, traumatic wounds, and burn injuries lead to over 80 million scars. These scars often lead to compromised skin function and can result in devastating disfigurement, permanent functional loss, psychosocial problems, and growth retardation. Today, a wide variety of nonsurgical scar management options exist, with only few of them being substantiated by evidence.

Palmar skin elasticity measured by the Cutometer MPA 580 is decreased in mild Dupuytren's disease compared to healthy controls.

Introduction: Involvement of the palmar skin is often seen in patients with Dupuytren's disease (DD) with severe finger contractures. However, skin elasticity may be already decreased earlier in the disease. The Cutometer MPA 580 could provide an objective skin measurement tool to assess this decrease in elasticity.

Can the CutiScan CS 100 measure anisotropy and viscoelasticity in scar tissue after mastectomy? A reliability and validity study.

Background: Scars have different biomechanical characteristics, including anisotropy and viscoelasticity compared to healthy skin. To assess these characteristics, the CutiScan CS 100 can be used. The aim of the present study is to investigate reliability and validity of this device in breast cancer patients.

Unified mathematical framework for a class of fundamental freeform optical systems.

We present a unified mathematical framework for sixteen fundamental optical systems. The systems have a parallel or point source and a parallel, point, near-field or far-field target. These choices give eight configurations if we use reflectors only and take the minimum number of freeform surfaces required.

Design of a freeform two-reflector system to collimate and shape a point source distribution.

In this paper we propose a method to compute a freeform reflector system for collimating and shaping a beam from a point source. We construct these reflectors such that the radiant intensity of the source is converted into a desired target. An important generalization in our approach compared to previous research is that the output beam can be in an arbitrary direction.

Generating-function approach for double freeform lens design.

Many LED lighting applications involve the design of multiple optical surfaces. A prime example is a single lens with two refractive surfaces. In this paper, we consider an LED light source approximated as a point and a far-field target intensity.

Benefits and Disadvantages of Electronic Patient-reported Outcome Measures: Systematic Review.

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are important in clinical practice and research. The growth of electronic health technologies provides unprecedented opportunities to systematically collect information via PROMs.

Objective: The aim of this study was to provide an objective and comprehensive overview of the benefits, barriers, and disadvantages of the digital collection of qualitative electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROMs).

The effects of shock wave therapy applied on hypertrophic burn scars: a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: A wide variety of non-invasive treatments has been proposed for the management of hypertrophic burn scars. Unfortunately, the reported efficacy has not been consistent, and especially in the first three months after wound closure, fragility of the scarred skin limits the treatment options. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a new non-invasive type of mechanotherapy to treat wounds and scars.

An evaluation tool for Myofascial Adhesions in Patients after Breast Cancer (MAP-BC evaluation tool): Concurrent, face and content validity.

Purpose: To investigate the concurrent, face and content validity of an evaluation tool for Myofascial Adhesions in Patients after Breast Cancer (MAP-BC evaluation tool).

Methods: 1) Concurrent validity of the MAP-BC evaluation tool was investigated by exploring correlations (Spearman's rank Correlation Coefficient) between the subjective scores (0 -no adhesions to 3 -very strong adhesions) of the skin level using the MAP-BC evaluation tool and objective elasticity parameters (maximal skin extension and gross elasticity) generated by the Cutometer Dual MPA 580. Nine different examination points on and around the mastectomy scar were evaluated.

The physical and physiological effects of vacuum massage on the different skin layers: a current status of the literature.

Vacuum massage is a non-invasive mechanical massage technique performed with a mechanical device that lifts the skin by means of suction, creates a skin fold and mobilises that skin fold. In the late 1970s, this therapy was introduced to treat traumatic or burn scars. Although vacuum massage was invented to treat burns and scars, one can find very little literature on the effects of this intervention.