[Development of a recommendations document in an emergency context].

Italy is a destination country for a growing international migration, accounting for 8.4% of the total population. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the difficulties in accessing healthcare services among immigrants, and barriers due to linguistic and cultural differences had a significant impact during the pandemic.

[Reducing the impact of COVID-19 in immigrants: a systematic review of the efficacy of interventions].

Background: the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the population has amplified the effects of health inequalities, particularly in the most vulnerable groups such as immigrants and refugees. An assessment of the intervention to contain the COVID-19 in these population groups was essential to define new strategies for more equitable, inclusive, and effective health policies to on health.

Objectives: to provide a systematic synopsis of the impact of interventions to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in immigrants.

[Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic on the immigrant population by urbanisation degree in five Italian Regions (Piedmont, Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Lazio, and Sicily)].

Background: according to the literature, socially disadvantaged strata of the population, including immigrants, have been more vulnerable to the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to greater exposure and less opportunity to protect themselves, and to COVID-19 complications due to metabolic and clinical risk factors as well as to healthcare access barriers. Two Italian projects - coordinated by the Italian National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty and the Italian National Centre for Disease Prevention and Control - set up an epidemiological surveillance to monitor the temporal trends of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in five Italian regions using validated indicators.

Objectives: to identify differences between Italians and immigrants in terms of the epidemic evolution and its health consequences, and to investigate possible differences by urbanisation degree and region of residence.

[Impact of COVID-19 on foreign population resident in urban areas of Italy: selection of indicators, data sources, and definition of geographical stratification levels].

Objectives: to describe indicators, data sources, and levels of geographical stratification used within the framework of the CCM project "Epidemiological Surveillance and Control of COVID-19 in Metropolitan Urban Areas and for the containment of SARS-CoV-2 circulation in the immigrant population in Italy".

Design: population-based observational study based on data from the Integrated Covid-19 Surveillance System and the archive of hospital discharge records.

Setting And Participants: interregional collaborative project.

[The health of immigrants in Italy: the viewpoint of the Italian National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (INMP)].

The foreign population accounts for 8.6 percent (about 5 million) of the total number of residents, so it is necessary to monitor their health status. Foreigners have standardized mortality rates of about half that of Italians.

Cardiovascular risk and access to primary care: Comparisons among Chinese documented and undocumented immigrants.

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine main risk factors of undocumented Chinese migrants living in Italy when compared with Chinese migrants registered with National Health Service (NHS).

Methods: A cohort of 3435 Chinese first-generation immigrants living in Prato underwent blood pressure (BP) measurement and blood tests. Hypertension was diagnosed for BP ≥ 140/90 mmHg at 2 visits, and/or antihypertensive drug use; type 2 diabetes (T2DM) for fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL at 2 visits, and/or use of hypoglycemic drugs; hypercholesterolemia (HC) for cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dL and/or statins use.

Factors associated with hospitalization in a pediatric population of rural Tanzania: findings from a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Despite pediatric acute illnesses being leading causes of death and disability among children, acute and critical care services are not universally available in low-middle income countries, such as Tanzania, even if in this country significant progress has been made in child survival, over the last 20 years. In these countries, the hospital emergency departments may represent the only or the main point of access to health-care services. Thus, the hospitalization rates may reflect both the health system organization and the patients' health status.

Socioeconomic inequalities in avoidable mortality in Italy: results from a nationwide longitudinal cohort.

Background: Disparities in avoidable mortality have never been evaluated in Italy at the national level. The present study aimed to assess the association between socioeconomic status and avoidable mortality.

Methods: The nationwide closed cohort of the 2011 Census of Population and Housing was followed up for 2012-2019 mortality.

Access to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in immigrants in Italy, by geographical area of origin.

Objective: Immigrants are commonly considered disadvantaged and at high risk of not receiving appropriate care, including vaccination. This study aimed to evaluate the access to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in immigrants, by geographical area of origin, compared with Italian citizens. We also evaluated sex differences in vaccine's coverage by geographical area of origin.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Italian students' mental health and relationships: differences between adolescent males and females.

Background: The negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of young people have been reported, often with possible differences between the sexes. This study explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the differences in mental health status and healthy behaviors between adolescent males and females.

Methods: An online questionnaire exploring sociodemographic characteristics, living conditions, mental health, behaviors, and relationships during the implementation of the COVID-19 social restriction measures, was administered to 16-18 years old high school students living in the metropolitan area of Turin.

Geographic heterogeneity of the epidemiological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy using a socioeconomic proxy-based classification of the national territory.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the differences in incidence, non-intensive care unit (non-ICU) and intensive care unit (ICU) hospital admissions, and COVID-19-related mortality between the "inner areas" of Italy and its metropolitan areas.

Study Design: Retrospective population-based study conducted from the beginning of the pandemic in Italy (20 February 2020) to 31 March 2022.

Methods: The municipalities of Italy were classified into metropolitan areas, peri-urban/intermediate areas and "inner areas" (peripheral/ultra-peripheral).

Newly arrived migrants did not represent an additional COVID-19 burden for Italy: data from the italian information flow.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, migrants arriving in host countries irregularly have not infrequently been perceived as increasing the COVID-19 burden. Italy is a transit and destination country for migrants who cross the Central Mediterranean route and, during the pandemic, all migrants who landed on Italian shores were COVID-19 tested and quarantined. Our study aimed to investigate the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 infection among migrants who landed on the Italian coasts by analyzing both incidence and health outcomes.

Trend and determinants of mortality in incident hemodialysis patients of the Lazio region.

Background: . In the last decades some studies observed a moderate progressive decrease in short-term mortality in incident hemodialysis patients. The aim of the study is to analyse the mortality trends in patients starting hemodialysis using the Lazio Regional Dialysis and Transplant Registry.

Male and Female Differences in Homicide Mortality: Results of an Italian Longitudinal Study, 2012-2018.

Introduction: Italy has one of the lowest homicide rates in Europe. However, while it is decreasing overall, the proportion of murdered women is increasing. This study aimed to analyze the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics associated with homicide mortality in Italy, focusing specifically on male and female differences.

[Impact of COVID-19 on the immigrant population in the Veneto Region (Northern Italy), by geographical area of origin].

Objectives: to examine the differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection and hospitalization rates among migrant populations in Veneto Region (Northern Italy), according to the geographic area of origin.

Setting And Participants: all residents in Veneto Region aged <65 years were included in the analyses. All subjects infected by SARS-CoV-2 and hospitalized for COVID-19 were identified by means of the regional biosurveillance system.

[Mortality and impact of COVID-19 by citizenship in seven Italian Regions from the beginning of the pandemic to mid-July 2021].

Objectives: to quantify the variability of COVID-19 mortality from the beginning of the pandemic to mid-July 2021, in relation to the immigrant status and by Region and period.

Design: observational incidence study.

Setting And Participants: the study population consists of the residents at the beginning of 2020 in seven Regions (Piedmont, Lombardy, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Lazio, Sicily) aged <=74 years.

[Hospital assistance for COVID-19: a comparison between non-Italian and Italian resident population in five Italian Regions since the beginning of the pandemic until June 2021].

Objectives: to describe trends of overall and intensive care hospitalization for COVID-19 since the beginning of the pandemic in Italy until June 2021, and to compare the results between foreign and Italian population.

Design: retrospective observational study.

Setting And Participants: hospital discharges of 28 million people living in Lombardy, Piedmont, Emilia-Romagna (Northern Italy), Toscana and Lazio (Central Italy) occurred between 22.

Access to SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests: are there barriers for the immigrants in Italy?

Objectives: to describe the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in relation with the use of nasal swabs in the immigrant population in Italy, using data from the COVID-19 national surveillance system and to verify if a difference is present comparing natives and immigrant.

Design: descriptive study based on longitudinal health-administrative data.

Setting And Participants: general population of six Italian Regions (Piedmont, Lombardy, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Lazio) covering about 55% of the resident population and 72% of foreigners' population.

[The impact of COVID-19 on the immigrant population in Italy. Context, methodology and synthesis of the main evidence from the project of the National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (INMP) and Italian Regions].

COVID-19 acted on health inequalities in two ways: directly, in terms of infection risk and outcomes; indirectly, through effects on the economy, which exacerbated social inequalities. Immigrants have particularly suffered the effects of the pandemic.The Italian National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (INMP) has promoted the project "Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection and use of health services in immigrant and vulnerable population groups in Italy" in collaboration with the Regions of Piedmont, Lombardy, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Lazio, and Sicily, to assess the impact of the pandemic in the immigrant population.

[Long-term efficacy and safety of treatment with cinacalcet in hypercalcemic persistent secondary hyperparathyroidism in renal transplant].

persistent hypercalcemic secondary hyperparathyroidism (PSHPT) in kidney transplantation (KTx) can expose renal transplant recipients (RTRs) to a series of complications. Cinacalcet has been shown to be effective in controlling hypercalcemic PSHPT. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of cinacalcet, over a period of 3 years, in the treatment of hypercalcemic PSHPT in a group of RTRs.

Nationwide longitudinal population-based study on mortality in Italy by immigrant status.

A systematic analysis of the mortality of immigrant residents throughout Italy has never been carried out. The present study aimed to evaluate differences in mortality by immigrant status. A longitudinal study of the Italian resident population (native and immigrants) recorded in the 2011 National Institute of Statistics Census was conducted.

Anthropological Research Study of Migrants at the First Aid and Reception Center (CPSA) of Lampedusa.

A medical anthropology research study was conducted in 2015 at the First Aid and Reception Center (CPSA) on the island of Lampedusa (Italy) as part of a larger health project carried out by the National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (INMP) in Rome. The study investigated the health conditions of migrants at the moment of their departure and on arrival, their migration journey, and their life plans and expectations for the future. The ethnographic method adopted for the study was based on participant observation and on data collection by means of a semi-structured interview (51 items simultaneously translated by cultural mediators into Tigrinya, Arabic, English, and French).

Barriers to Accessing Primary Care and Appropriateness of Healthcare Among Immigrants in Italy.

Introduction: The health status and health care needs of immigrant populations must be assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate barriers to accessing primary care and the appropriateness of health care among resident immigrants in Italy, using indicators regarding maternal health, avoidable hospitalization, and emergency care.

Methods: Cross-sectional study using some indicators of the National Monitoring System of Health Status and Healthcare of the Immigrant Population (MSHIP), coordinated by the National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty (INMP), calculated on perinatal care, hospital discharge, and emergency department databases for the years 2016-2017 in nine Italian regions (Piedmont, Trento, Bolzano, Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Umbria, Latium, Basilicata, Sicily).

Education inequalities in cardiovascular and coronary heart disease in Italy and the role of behavioral and biological risk factors.

Background And Aims: Behavioral and biological risk factors (BBRF) explain part of the variability in socioeconomic differences in health. The present study aimed at evaluating education differences in incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in Italy and the role of BBRF.

Methods And Results: All subjects aged 30-74 years (n = 132,686) who participated to the National Health Interview Surveys 2000 and 2005 were included and followed-up for ten years.