Burnout among diabetes specialist registrars across the United Kingdom in the post-pandemic era.

Introduction: Burnout syndrome is a condition resulting from chronic work-related stress exposure and can be identified by the presence of one or more of the three classic dimensions of burnout, i.e., emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and lack of personal accomplishment, which negatively impact physician health and productivity.

Postradioiodine Graves' management: The PRAGMA study.

Objective: Thyroid status in the months following radioiodine (RI) treatment for Graves' disease can be unstable. Our objective was to quantify frequency of abnormal thyroid function post-RI and compare effectiveness of common management strategies.

Design: Retrospective, multicentre and observational study.

Level of adherence to vitamin D supplementation guidelines in an antenatal centre in Birmingham, UK, and its effect on biochemical and obstetrical outcomes: a single-centre cross-sectional study.

Objectives: A third of pregnant women in the UK are vitamin D deficient, which may confer deleterious consequences, including an increased risk of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and intrauterine growth restriction. This study aims to determine the proportion of women that met National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) standards for vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy and compare biochemical and obstetrical outcomes according to supplementation status.

Design And Setting: This is a single-centre cross-sectional study in an antenatal centre in Birmingham, UK.

Hypertension is the major predictor of poor outcomes among inpatients with COVID-19 infection in the UK: a retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To assess the impact of diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases on inpatient mortality from COVID-19, and its relationship to ethnicity and social deprivation.

Design: Retrospective, single-centre observational study SETTING: Birmingham, UK.

Participants: 907 hospitalised patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from a multi-ethnic community, admitted between 1 March 2020 and 31 May 2020.

Young Asian men with diabetes have the highest risk for acute coronary events: retrospective cohort analyses.

Objective: To understand the ethnic differences in coronary heart disease risk among inpatients with diabetes following acute coronary syndrome.

Design: Single-centre retrospective cohort-analysis of patients with type II diabetes over a six-year period receiving standard care.

Setting: Birmingham, UK.

A rare case of carbimazole-induced hepatitis in a patient with Graves' disease.

Although carbimazole-induced hepatitis is rare, clinicians should be aware of this potential complication and offer alternative treatment early.

The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis is associated with excess long-term mortality: a retrospective cohort analyses.

Introduction: The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) is the commonest cause of euvolaemic hyponatraemia in patients admitted to hospital. The mortality after discharge from hospital has not been previously studied in patients with SIAD.

Aims: To compare mortality in patients with SIAD and those with kidney injury (KI).

An automated retinal image quality grading algorithm.

This paper introduces an algorithm for the automated assessment of retinal fundus image quality grade. Retinal image quality grading assesses whether the quality of the image is sufficient to allow diagnostic procedures to be applied. Automated quality analysis is an important preprocessing step in algorithmic diagnosis, as it is necessary to ensure that images are sufficiently clear to allow pathologies to be visible.

Automated diagnosis of referable maculopathy in diabetic retinopathy screening.

This paper introduces an algorithm for the automated diagnosis of referable maculopathy in retinal images for diabetic retinopathy screening. Referable maculopathy is a potentially sight-threatening condition requiring immediate referral to an ophthalmologist from the screening service, and therefore accurate referral is extremely important. The algorithm uses a pipeline of detection and filtering of "peak points" with strong local contrast, segmentation of candidate lesions, extraction of features and classification by a multilayer perceptron.

Digital image compression should be limited in diabetic retinopathy screening.

Digital colour retinal photography is a useful modality for diabetic retinopathy screening. Unlike film photography, the size of the image depends on the resolution of the acquired image. With the availability of high-resolution digital cameras, larger images requiring greater storage-memory will inevitably be generated.

New treatment options for erectile dysfunction in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Erection is a neurovascular event that involves spinal and supra spinal pathways. The final common pathway involves the release of nitric oxide (NO) from both endothelial cells and neurons, which acts as a vasodilator causing penile engorgement and erection. NO is degraded by the enzyme phosphodiesterase (PDE) type 5 in the penis.

Measurement of retinal vessel widths from fundus images based on 2-D modeling.

Changes in retinal vessel diameter are an important sign of diseases such as hypertension, arteriosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Obtaining precise measurements of vascular widths is a critical and demanding process in automated retinal image analysis as the typical vessel is only a few pixels wide. This paper presents an algorithm to measure the vessel diameter to subpixel accuracy.

Low failure rate of fixed administered activity of 400 MBq 131I with pre-treatment with carbimazole for thyrotoxicosis: the Gateshead Protocol.

Background: Thyrotoxicosis is associated with significant morbidity, therefore adequate control of the disease is paramount. The outcome of treatment of thyrotoxicosis using radioiodine shows variable failure rates depending, amongst other things, on the administered activity of radioiodine and the use of anti-thyroid drugs. Thus, management should follow an evidence based protocol, which has a low failure rate.

Optic nerve head segmentation.

Reliable and efficient optic disk localization and segmentation are important tasks in automated retinal screening. General-purpose edge detection algorithms often fail to segment the optic disk due to fuzzy boundaries, inconsistent image contrast or missing edge features. This paper presents an algorithm for the localization and segmentation of the optic nerve head boundary in low-resolution images (about 20 microns/pixel).