An online multidomain lifestyle intervention to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

Effective, scalable dementia prevention interventions are needed to address modifiable risk factors given global burden of dementia and challenges in developing disease-modifying treatments. A single-blind randomized controlled trial assessed an online multidomain lifestyle intervention to prevent cognitive decline over 3 years. Participants were dementia-free community-dwelling Australians aged 55-77 years with modifiable dementia risk factors.

Criterion validity of five open-source app-based cognitive and sensory tasks in an Australian adult life course sample aged 18 to 82: Labs without walls.

With recent technical advances, many cognitive and sensory tasks have been adapted for smartphone testing. This study aimed to assess the criterion validity of a subset of self-administered, open-source app-based cognitive and sensory tasks by comparing test performance to lab-based alternatives. An in-person baseline was completed by 43 participants (aged 21 to 82) from the larger Labs without Walls project (Brady et al.

Cumulative blood pressure load and cognitive decline in older adults: An observational analysis of two large cohorts.

Introduction: Cumulative blood pressure metrics may provide greater precision for measuring temporal risk exposure, especially in later life where data are mixed regarding associations of high blood pressure (BP) on cognitive function. We examined the relationship between greater cumulative exposure to high BP in later life and several domains of cognitive function.

Methods: Individual cognitive assessment scores and BP measurements in older adults (age ≥70 years) at baseline and over approximately 8 years of follow-up were available in the population-based Canadian Victoria Longitudinal Study (VLS) and Swedish Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies (H70).

Maintaining level of modifiable dementia risk scores is associated with better cognitive outcomes than increasing risk scores: A population-based prospective cohort study.

Background: A brain healthy lifestyle, consisting of good cardiometabolic health and being cognitively and socially active in midlife, is associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline years later. However, it is unclear whether lifestyle changes over time also affect the risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia, and rate of cognitive decline.

Objectives: To investigate if lifestyle changes over time are associated with incident MCI/dementia risk and rate of cognitive decline.

Topical review: Ocular surface abnormalities in neurodegenerative disorders.

Significance: In an aging population, the number of people living with neurodegenerative disease is projected to increase. It is vital to develop reliable, noninvasive biomarkers to detect disease onset and monitor progression, and there is a growing body of research into the ocular surface as a potential source of such biomarkers.

Background: This article reviews the potential of in vivo corneal confocal microscopy and tear fluid analysis as tools for biomarker development.

Virtual reality obstacle avoidance training can be enhanced by physical feedback via perturbations: A proof-of-concept study.

Background: Fall injuries resulting from trips are a major health concern. Virtual reality (VR) offers an effective way of training obstacle avoidance while walking due to its ability to provide safe and meaningful real-time feedback during rehabilitation. This proof-of-concept study examined the benefit of providing physical feedback during obstacle avoidance gait training using VR.

Impact of Childhood Adversity on Late-Life Cognition in Older Puerto Rican Adults.

Objectives: This study examined the association between childhood adversity and late-life cognitive outcomes among older Puerto Rican adults.

Methods: Data were from the PREHCO study, a population-based cohort of 3,713 older Puerto Rican adults (mean age 72.5 years; 60% female).

Change in visual acuity over a 12-year period predicts cognitive decline in older adults: identifying social engagement as a potential mediator.

Objectives: Deterioration in vision is an important dementia risk factor yet few studies have examined objectively measured changes in visual acuity over time. Visual decline may also reduce social engagement, highlighting the need to examine visual changes in concert with broader social function.

Method: The relationship between change in visual acuity (logMAR) and cognitive decline was examined in 2,281 participants from the PATH study using hierarchical linear regression.

No Association Found: Adverse Childhood Experiences and Cognitive Impairment in Older Australian Adults.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between childhood adversity and cognitive impairment in older adults.

Methods: We analysed data from 1568 participants aged 72-79 (M = 75.1, SD = 1.

Development and Concurrent Validity of the Short-Form CogDrisk Dementia Risk Assessment Tool.

Evidence-based dementia risk assessment is required to inform individual and policy-level dementia risk reduction interventions. We developed the CogDrisk Short Form (CogDrisk-SF) to assess dementia risk factors, for situations where time and resources are limited. To evaluate concurrent validity with the original CogDrisk, we conducted an online survey using a repeated-measures, counterbalanced design.

Gender Selectively Mediates the Association Between Sex and Memory in Cognitively Normal Older Adults.

Background And Objectives: Sex and gender are important topics of increasing interest in aging and dementia research. Few studies have jointly examined sex (as a biological attribute) and gender (as a sociocultural and behavioral characteristic) within a single study. We explored a novel data mining approach to include both sex and gender as potentially related influences in memory aging research.

Estimating the rates of dementia using administrative data linked to cohort studies.

Background: Current estimates of dementia and Alzheimer's disease incidence and prevalence are required to understand the health needs of the elderly.

Objective: We used two Australia cohort studies, administrative datasets, and data linkage techniques to estimate dementia rates in Australia.

Methods: The study used Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health and the Health in Men Cohort Study.

A single risk assessment for the most common diseases of ageing, developed and validated on 10 cohort studies.

Background: We aimed to develop risk tools for dementia, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), and diabetes, for adults aged ≥ 65 years using shared risk factors.

Methods: Data were obtained from 10 population-based cohorts (N = 41,755) with median follow-up time (years) for dementia, stroke, MI, and diabetes of 6.2, 7.

Onset of cognitive impairment, diet quality and adherence to dietary guidelines over 12 years: the Personality and Total Health Cohort Study.

Around 55 million people worldwide live with dementia, and more are expected due to population ageing. We aimed to investigate associations between healthy diet and mild cognitive impairment and dementia in 1753 older adults aged 60-64 from the PATH (Personality and Total Health Through Life Cohort) study. Healthy diet was defined by the Mediterranean-DASH diet Intervention for Neurological Delay (MIND) and two dietary guideline quality scores (Dietary Guideline Index (DGI) and Index Diet Quality (IDQ)), which were calculated from baseline FFQ.

Development and Validation of the Perceived Interpersonal Relevancy Scales: A New Measure of Perceived Threat, Opportunity, and Invisibility Appraisals for Use Across the Adult Life Course.

Objectives: Interpersonal relevancy appraisals are a dynamic and understudied aspect of human social cognition. Despite their importance, there are no existing measures. This study developed and validated a new measure of self-perceived interpersonal threat, opportunity, and invisibility appraisals among a life-course sample of adults.

Assessing the effect of anthocyanins through diet and supplementation on cognitive function in older adults at risk for dementia: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Promising evidence is emerging for the procognitive, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties of dietary flavonoids, particularly anthocyanins that provide red, purple and blue plant pigments.

Methods And Analysis: The 'Food for Thought' study is a multicentre, 6-month randomised, parallel 3-arm clinical trial. Its primary aim is to investigate whether anthocyanin consumption, either through diet or supplementation, can prevent memory loss progression and improve inflammatory and cardiovascular health in older adults at risk for dementia.

Plant but not animal sourced nitrate intake is associated with lower dementia-related mortality in the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle Study.

Introduction: Dietary nitrate is potentially beneficial for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and nervous systems due to its role as a nitric oxide (NO) precursor. Increased nitrate intake improves cardiovascular health and therefore could protect against dementia, given the cardiovascular-dementia link.

Objective: To investigate the association between source-dependent nitrate intake and dementia-related mortality.

Neighbourhood environments and cognitive health in the longitudinal Personality and Total Health (PATH) through life study: A 12-year follow-up of older Australians.

Background: Urban neighbourhood environments may impact older adults' cognitive health. However, longitudinal studies examining key environmental correlates of cognitive health are lacking. We estimated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of neighbourhood built and natural environments and ambient air pollution with multiple cognitive health outcomes in Australian urban dwellers aged 60+ years.