Demonstration of a Modular Prototype End-to-End Simulator for Aquatic Remote Sensing Applications.

This study introduces a prototype end-to-end Simulator software tool for simulating two-dimensional satellite multispectral imagery for a variety of satellite instrument models in aquatic environments. Using case studies, the impact of variable sensor configurations on the performance of value-added products for challenging applications, such as coral reefs and cyanobacterial algal blooms, is assessed. This demonstrates how decisions regarding satellite sensor design, driven by cost constraints, directly influence the quality of value-added remote sensing products.

LYVE-1 macrophages form a collaborative CCR5-dependent perivascular niche that influences chemotherapy responses in murine breast cancer.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a heterogeneous population of cells that facilitate cancer progression. However, our knowledge of the niches of individual TAM subsets and their development and function remain incomplete. Here, we describe a population of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1)-expressing TAMs, which form coordinated multi-cellular "nest" structures that are heterogeneously distributed proximal to vasculature in tumors of a spontaneous murine model of breast cancer.

Perivascular tumor-associated macrophages and their role in cancer progression.

Perivascular (Pv) tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a highly specialized stromal subset within the tumor microenvironment (TME) that are defined by their spatial proximity, within one cell thickness, to blood vasculature. PvTAMs have been demonstrated to support a variety of pro-tumoral functions including angiogenesis, metastasis, and modulating the immune and stromal landscape. Furthermore, PvTAMs can also limit the response of anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic therapies and support tumor recurrence post-treatment.

GLORIA - A globally representative hyperspectral in situ dataset for optical sensing of water quality.

The development of algorithms for remote sensing of water quality (RSWQ) requires a large amount of in situ data to account for the bio-geo-optical diversity of inland and coastal waters. The GLObal Reflectance community dataset for Imaging and optical sensing of Aquatic environments (GLORIA) includes 7,572 curated hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance measurements at 1 nm intervals within the 350 to 900 nm wavelength range. In addition, at least one co-located water quality measurement of chlorophyll a, total suspended solids, absorption by dissolved substances, and Secchi depth, is provided.

Australian aquatic bio-optical dataset with applications for satellite calibration, algorithm development and validation.

The authors present bio-optical data spanning 316 sets of observations made at 34 inland waterbodies in Australia. The data was collected over the period 2013-2021 and comprise radiometric measurements of remote sensing reflectance (Rrs), diffuse attenuation extinction coefficient (Kd); optical backscattering; absorption of coloured dissolved organic matter (aCDOM), phytoplankton (aph) and non-algal particles (aNAP); HPLC analysis of algal pigments including chlorophyll-a (CHL-a); organic and inorganic total suspended solids (TSS); and total and dissolved organic carbon concentration. Data collection has been timed to coincide with either Landsat 8 or Sentinel-2 overpasses.

Macrophages orchestrate the expansion of a proangiogenic perivascular niche during cancer progression.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a highly plastic stromal cell type that support cancer progression. Using single-cell RNA sequencing of TAMs from a spontaneous murine model of mammary adenocarcinoma (), we characterize a subset of these cells expressing lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronic acid receptor 1 (Lyve-1) that spatially reside proximal to blood vasculature. We demonstrate that Lyve-1 TAMs support tumor growth and identify a pivotal role for these cells in maintaining a population of perivascular mesenchymal cells that express α-smooth muscle actin and phenotypically resemble pericytes.

The Diverse Roles of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Tumor Progression.

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible intracellular enzyme that is expressed in response to a variety of stimuli to degrade heme, which generates the biologically active catabolites carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin and ferrous iron (Fe). HO-1 is expressed across a range of cancers and has been demonstrated to promote tumor progression through a variety of mechanisms. HO-1 can be expressed in a variety of cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME), including both the malignant tumor cells as well as stromal cell populations such as macrophages, dendritic cells and regulatory T-cells.

Cytotoxic Chemotherapy as an Immune Stimulus: A Molecular Perspective on Turning Up the Immunological Heat on Cancer.

Cytotoxic chemotherapeutics (CCTs) are widely used in the treatment of cancer. Although their mechanisms of action have been best understood in terms of targeting the apparatus of mitosis, an ability to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses is increasing the recognition of these agents as immunotherapies. Immune checkpoint blockade antibodies neutralize important, but specific, immune-regulatory interactions such as PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 to improve the anti-tumor immune response.

SDHC epi-mutation testing in gastrointestinal stromal tumours and related tumours in clinical practice.

The enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) functions in the citric acid cycle and loss of function predisposes to the development of phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL), wild type gastrointestinal stromal tumour (wtGIST) and renal cell carcinoma. SDH-deficient tumours are most commonly associated with a germline SDH subunit gene (SDHA/B/C/D) mutation but can also be associated with epigenetic silencing of the SDHC gene. However, clinical diagnostic testing for an SDHC epimutation is not widely available.

The action of inhibitors of protein kinases on fluid and ion secretion by Malpighian tubules of Locusta migratoria, L.

Fluid production in Locusta Malpighian tubules was stimulated by corpora cardiaca extract (c. 100%) and dibutyryl cAMP (c. 50%).

Rubidium reduces potassium permeability and fluid secretion in Malpighian tubules of Locusta migratoria, L.

The basal membrane potential (V(b)) of Locusta Malpighian tubule cells in control saline results from its relatively high permeability to potassium. In the presence of 1 mM barium added to the control saline V(b) hyperpolarized from a mean resting potential of -72.1 mV to -90.

An investigation into the effects of inhibitors of fluid production by Locusta Malpighian tubule Type I cells on their secretion and elemental composition.

The intracellular elemental concentrations of K, Na, Cl, P, Mg and Ca within Type I cells of the Malpighian tubules of Locusta migratoria have been measured using electron probe X-ray microanalysis. The distribution of Na, K and Cl was not homogeneous within the cells and concentration gradients exist from basal to apical surfaces. The rate of secretion and the cationic composition of the secreted tubule fluid have also been determined.

Characterization of ATPases of apical membrane fractions from Locusta migratoria Malpighian tubules.

Apical and basal membrane fractions from Locusta Malpighian tubules were prepared and were characterized by marker enzyme analysis. The apical membranes contained an azide- and orthovanadate-insensitive ATPase activity that was inhibited by bafilomycin A1 (IC50 = 0.44 nM) and NEM (IC50 = 2.

Global measures of outcome in a controlled comparison of pharmacological and psychological treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia in primary care.

Background: Panic disorder, with and without agoraphobia, is a prevalent condition which presents primarily in general practice. Previous clinical outcome studies have been conducted mainly in specialist university departments or hospital settings, and have tended to employ complex rating scales that are not well suited for use as outcome measures in primary care.

Aim: To evaluate the outcome, in a primary care setting, of fluvoxamine versus cognitive behaviour therapy, each used alone and in combination in a double-blind placebo-controlled framework, balanced for therapist contact.

An X-ray microanalysis study of Locusta Malpighian tubule cell function using rubidium.

Intracellular distributions of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl, P, and S were determined in type 1 Malpighian tubule cells of Locusta using X-ray microanalysis. K showed a gradient of increasing concentration from basal to apical surfaces. No other element showed this distribution.

An X-ray microanalytical study on the effects of ouabain and N-ethyl maleimide on the elemental concentrations in Malpighian tubule cells of Locusta.

X-ray microanalysis was used to study elemental distribution in Malpighian tubule cells of Locusta migratoria and how these are affected by the replacement of bathing medium K+ with Rb+ and by inclusion of the transport inhibitors ouabain and n-ethyl maleimide (NEM) in standard (K+-containing) and Rb+-Ringer (K+-free) solutions. Incubation of tubules in standard Ringer containing 1mM ouabain dramatically affected the intracellular levels of K and Na. The intracellular K concentration fell and Na concentration increased in all regions studied.

A multicentre double-blind comparative trial of fluvoxamine versus lorazepam in mixed anxiety and depression treated in general practice.

Fluvoxamine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, was compared with lorazepam in a multicentre double-blind, parallel group study in 112 general practice patients with mixed anxiety and depression. For inclusion, patients were required to have minimum baseline scores of 21 on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and 11 on the Clinical Anxiety Scale (CAS). Treatment was for 6 weeks.

Some factors affecting Malpighian tubule fluid secretion and transepithelial potential in Locusta migratoria L.

Both fluid secretion and transepithelial potential were stimulated by cAMP. Fluid secretion was unaffected by 5-HT over the concentration range 10(-8)-10(-4) M. The presence of ouabain in the bathing medium effected a decrease in transepithelial potential.

The stridulatory apparatus of two species of Tettigoniid.

A scanning electron microscopical examination has been made of the stridulatory apparatus of Homorocoryphus nitidulus vicinus (Wlk.) and Jamaiciana flava (Wlk.).