High-performance, high energy density symmetric supercapacitors based on δ-MnO nanoflower electrodes incorporated with an ion-conducting polymer.

The present work investigates liquid-based and liquid-free supercapacitors assembled using δ-MnO-nanoflower-based electrodes. An optimized electrode composition was prepared using acetylene black (AB), a polymer (PEO), a salt (LiClO), and δ-MnO and used for device fabrication. The composite electrode was tested against a liquid electrolyte and a 'liquid-free' composite solid polymer electrolyte (CSPE) membrane.