Image-guided Hypofractionated Radiotherapy as an Alternative to Radical Prostatectomy in Localized Prostate Cancer in Elderly Patients with Low Life Expectancy.

Introduction: Radical prostatectomy is appropriate for any patient whose cancer appears clinically localised to prostate. However because of potential perioperative morbidity, radical prostatectomy is generally reserved for patients whose life expectancy is more than ten years. Moderate hypofractionation for localized prostate cancer is safe and effective.

Neuroectodermal influence in odontogenic cyst and tumor: evidence through CD56 immunoexpression.

Background And Objectives: CD56, associated with neuroectodermal differentiation of the embryonal cells, is often considered a marker of neural lineage. Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) are of particular interest because of their characteristic histopathologic features, high recurrence rate, and aggressive behavior. CD56 immunoreactivity in these lesions has been reported with very high frequency.

Proliferative potential of impacted tooth lesions using Ki67 labelling index-A clinicopathological insight.

Tooth impaction is a frequent phenomenon, and the prevalence and distribution of this entity in different regions of the jaws may vary considerably. The third molars, maxillary canines, maxillary and mandibular premolars, and maxillary central incisors are the most commonly affected teeth. Impacted teeth in children and adolescents are rarely associated with pathological changes, but the prevalence of problems has been found to increase in later decades.

Immunolocalization of epithelial cell adhesion molecule and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Introduction: Cancers are complex tissues composed of multiple distinct cell types that participate in heterotypic interactions with one another. Physiologically cell-to-cell contacts formed by dense populations of normal cells operate to suppress further cell proliferation.

Objectives: The objective of the study is to evaluate and compare the immunoexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to hypothesize their role in the progression in varying grades of these lesions.

Pathogenetic model of survivin-dependent molecular signalling pathways in tumorigenesis of oral cancer and precursor lesions.

Background: p53 tumour suppressor gene limits unchecked cellular growth in response to DNA damage, by causing G1 arrest and the activation of apoptosis. Inhibitors of apoptosis include survivin which acts by inhibition of caspases. Survivin has a significant role as a cell cycle modulator and is only minimally present in mature tissues.

A comparative assessment of antibacterial properties of neem oil coated sutures: An study.

Background: When it comes to surgical site infection (SSI), it has been shown that two-thirds of wound infections starts around the incision line and the number is even greater in the presence of sutures. Therefore, a number of compounds have been used to coat the suture materials which tend to decrease the SSI some of which include ciprofloxacin, , and chlorhexidine.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the antibacterial properties of neem oil-coated sutures in anaerobic culture media when compared to triclosan-coated sutures and uncoated sutures.

Assessment of changes in levels using N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase marker and pharyngeal airway space with appliance therapy in mouth breathers - An ELISA-based study.

Background: The frequency of adenotonsillar hypertrophy in mouth-breathing children when compared to the average found in the general population is considered to be higher. Mouth breathing is considered as one of the causative factors for tonsillitis in children. Through continuous irritation on tonsillar wall, tonsils swell up and inflammation develops.

Case series of head-and-neck adenosquamous carcinoma: Role of histogenetic model in immunotherapy as a future perspective for nonconventional squamous cell carcinoma.

Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) is not only a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) but it is also an aggressive and highly infiltrating neoplasm with distinct histomorphology. Histogenetic concept in the pathogenesis of the tumor would eradicate controversies regarding the resemblance of ASC with mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid SCC. Hence, we intend to present a case series of four cases of ASC in the head-and-neck region reported in a single institution in the past 10 years.

Evaluation of EGFR in prognostic characterization in histopathological variants of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Aim Of The Study: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase receptor of the Erb B family contributing to proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. EGFR overexpression is frequently associated with poor clinical outcome in malignant neoplasms.• To evaluate and compare immunoexpression of EGFR in histopathological variants of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Evaluation of Bacterial Reduction at Various Stages of Endodontic Retreatment After Use of Different Disinfection Regimens: An In Vivo Study.

Objective: The present study was conducted to evaluate the presence of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, E. faecalis, F. nucleatum, Propionibacteria sp.

Clear-Cell Variant of Ameloblastic Carcinoma: Pathological Insights for a more Specific Categorization.

The presence of clear cells is associated with the aggressiveness of the lesion and also poses a diagnostic dilemma. Hence, specific categorization of the lesion is of the utmost importance for therapeutic intervention. A 70-year-old male patient reported with a chief complaint of discomfort and swelling in the left mandibular alveolar region.

Role of p63 in Determining the Histogenesis of Low-Grade Neoplasms versus Cystic Lesion.

The biological nature of salivary gland neoplasms and the overlapping characteristics that result from the heterogeneity of the cells of origin make diagnosis difficult. Hence, we intend to present a case of low grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) on the palate and to understand the importance of biomarker such as p63 in the early diagnosis of tumor as it also has a role in its histogenesis. A 53-year-old female reported with a unilateral swelling for 3 months on posterolateral palatal region of the right side.

"Neuroectodermal influence of CD 99 immunoexpression correlates with the clinical behavior of odontogenic cysts and tumors".

Background: Odontogenic tumors show a variety of characteristic features that are dependent on the tumor cell origin and the stage of tumor cell differentiation. Odontogenic cysts arise from the enamel organ or remnants of dental epithelium which influences their pathogenetic model and further clinical behavior of these lesions.

Aim: The study aims at assessment of CD 99 immunoexpression in odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and ameloblastoma (in tooth bearing [anterior to third molar] and nontooth bearing areas [molar ramus area]) to postulate neural influence in their pathogenesis and the clinical behavior.

Effect of dental acid etchant-mediated photodynamic therapy on bacterial reduction and microshear bond strength of composite to dentin - An study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effect of dental acid etchant (DAE)-mediated photodynamic therapy on bacterial reduction and microshear bond strength of composite to dentin.

Materials And Methods: Eighty permanent third molars after sample preparation were exposed to a cariogenic challenge with . After incubation, specimens were randomly divided into four groups ( = 20): Group I - DAE, Group II - low-level laser (LLL), Group III - diode laser + methylene blue (MB + L), and Group IV - diode laser + DAE (DAE + L).

Effect of second-hand smoke on systemic, oral and psychological health of primary school children in Western Uttar Pradesh: a biochemical analysis.

Background: Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure causes several systemic problems like asthma, dental problems like caries and effects overall wellbeing. This study was conducted to study the impact of SHS on primary school children by associating it with dental caries, cotinine level, asthma severity and overall wellbeing.

Methods: A case control study was conducted amongst 200 children (9-15 years old) that came to the Dental College in Muradnagar-Ghaziabad, India.

Effect of antimicrobial agents on the oral microflora in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy-An comparative analysis.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of Ozonated Olive Oil Gel, Chlorhexidine gel, and Amflor (Fluoridated) mouthwash on reducing the count of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy evaluated at different time intervals.

Methods: Sixty patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were randomly divided into three groups ( = 20) based on antimicrobial agents used (Group 1: Ozonated olive oil gel; Group 2: Chlorhexidine gel; Group 3: Fluoridated mouthwash). Elastomeric modules from brackets were collected at T (Fresh samples) and T (2 week) and T (4 week) for assessment of the microbial growth.

Inter-comparison of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, LASER, and an antifungal agent as adjunct intracanal irrigation techniques to standard disinfection protocols in reducing counts in the root canals of primary teeth: A pilot study.

Background: Despite endodontic infections being a common problem in the primary dentition, some of the infected primary teeth can remain functional until the exfoliation through endodontic treatment. The primary endodontic treatment goal must be to optimize root canal disinfection and to prevent reinfection.

Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the antifungal efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, LASER, and 1% clotrimazole as irrigants by reducing the colony-forming units (CFU) of Candida albicans in the infected root canals of primary teeth.

Molecular Analysis as a Guide to Determining the Extent and Pathophysiology of Perilesional Tissues in Oral Epithelial Dysplasias.

Introduction: Clinically and histologically normal appearing perilesional mucosa of epithelial dysplasia may harbor early genetic changes. Hence, the present study is designed to determine the early molecular changes in the form of p16 and EGFR immunoexpressions in perilesional tissues.

Objectives: To analyze immunohistochemical expressions of p16 and EGFR individually and percentage change of immunoexpressions in oral dysplastic lesions and their perilesional tissues.

Evaluation and comparison of the antimicrobial activity of royal jelly - A holistic healer against periodontopathic bacteria: An study.

Context: RJ is a natural bee product and is known to have remarkable health benefits. The objective was to evaluate its antimicrobial potential against periodontopathic bacteria and compare the same with chlorhexidine.

Aims: The aim was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity of royal jelly (RJ) with chlorhexidine against the periodontopathic bacteria (aerobic and anaerobic) in subgingival plaque.

Immunohistochemical expression of p53 and murine double minute 2 protein in odontogenic keratocyst versus variants of ameloblastoma.

Introduction: Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes play a major role in cancer formation, growth, and progression. One of the important findings in this area is that murine double minute 2 (MDM2) oncogene is a negative regulator of wild-type p53. In tumors, expressing wild-type p53, inhibition of MDM2 expression will stabilize p53 and allow it to perform its proapoptotic function, while simultaneously preventing MDM2 from exerting its p53-independent oncogenic effects.

Biochemical analysis of cytokeratin fragment 21-1 concentration and expression of cytokeratin 19 in oral potentially malignant disorders.

Introduction: Cytokeratin fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1), a constituent of the intermediate filament protein is known to be elevated in cancer. In vitro cleavage of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) protein results in the release of it's fragments into the supernatants of premalignant cell lines. This study was designed with the aim to investigate the concentrations of CYFRA21-1 in serum and saliva of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), to evaluate CK19 expression in tissues of the same patients and to correlate the levels of CYFRA21-1 concentration in serum and saliva with CK19 expression in OPMDs, and to compare it with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which was taken as positive control.

Immunoexpression of alpha smooth muscle actin correlates with serum transforming growth factor-β1 levels in oral submucous fibrosis.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to correlate the immunoexpression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) for myofibroblasts with the serum levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF).

Methods: A total of 100 cases of histopathologically confirmed OSMF were assessed for α-SMA expression. Clinical data, such as age, sex, mouth opening, and habit history, were obtained for each case.

Bacterial Adherence Around Sutures of Different Material at Grafted Site: A Microbiological Analysis.

Closure of the surgical incision has been the primary function of sutures since their introduction. However, whatever the type, they are known to carry bacteria, which can be a source of infection. Five types of surgical sutures, Gut, Silk, Vicryl, PTFE, and Polyamide, were selected and tested on their ability to carry aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and were rated on the basis of forming colony-forming units (CFUs).