Comparing Combination vs Monochemotherapy in Late-Elderly Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: Insights From a Single-Center Study.

Objectives: The incidence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) increases with age and is frequently diagnosed at an inoperable stage, which limits treatment options. There is limited evidence concerning patients over 75 years old, and clinical practice often lacks clear guidance regarding the choice of first-line therapy. The primary objective of this retrospective study was to assess overall survival (OS) in elderly patients receiving first-line monochemotherapy vs combination therapy.

Focus on Physico-Chemical Properties of Sulfoximines: Acidity, Basicity and Lipophilicity.

Despite the numerous published syntheses and applications of sulfoximines, very few studies describe their physico-chemical properties and in particular their acidic, basic and lipophilic or hydrophilic characters. We report for the first time the acidity values (pK) of fluorinated sulfoximines in water and in acetonitrile, as well as the basicity (pK) measurements of fluorinated and non-fluorinated sulfoximines in acetonitrile. The same sulfoximine library was also studied in terms of lipophilicity with measurement of the Hansch parameters of the sulfoximine moieties.

Cyclic Sulfoximines as Methyl and Perdeuteromethyl Transfer Agents and Their Applications in Photoredox Catalysis.

Benzo[1,3,2]dithiazole-1,1,3-trioxides are bench-stable and easy-to-use reagents. In photoredox catalysis, they generate methyl and perdeuteromethyl radicals which can add to a variety of radical acceptors, including olefins, acrylamides, quinoxalinones, isocyanides, enol silanes, and N-Ts acrylamide. As byproduct, a salt is formed which can be regenerated to the original methylating agent.

Exploring the Horizon: Anti-Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer with Aberrant Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Expression-A Scoping Review.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease, often diagnosed at advanced stages, with a 5-year overall survival rate of around 10%. Current treatments have limited effectiveness, underscoring the need for new therapeutic options. This scoping review aims to identify and summarize preclinical and clinical studies on FGFR (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor) inhibitors, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and FGFR-specific inhibitors, in pancreatic cancer with FGFR alterations.

Evolving approaches in advanced gallbladder cancer with complete pathological response using chemo‑immunotherapy: A case report.

The combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy for metastatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) offers promising improvements in survival and response rates beyond traditional treatments. TOPAZ-1 and KEYNOTE-966 have demonstrated the efficacy of combining immunotherapy (durvalumab and pembrolizumab) with chemotherapy, even in gallbladder cancer (GBC), with a complete response rate of 2.7% in the TOPAZ-1 trial.

Emerging Therapeutic Targets and Future Directions in Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.

Metastatic gastric cancer (GC) still represents a critical clinical challenge, with limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. Most patients are diagnosed at advanced stages, limiting the chances of surgery and cure. The identification of molecular targets and the possibility of combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy have recently reshaped the therapeutic landscape of metastatic gastric cancer.

Unraveling the Interplay of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and Micro-Satellite Instability in Non-Metastatic Colon Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Microsatellite Instability (MSI-H) occurs in approximately 15% of non-metastatic colon cancers, influencing patient outcomes positively compared to microsatellite stable (MSS) cancers. This systematic review focuses on the prognostic significance of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations within MSI-H colon cancer. Through comprehensive searches in databases like MEDLINE, EMBASE, and others until 1 January 2024, we selected 8 pertinent studies from an initial pool of 1918.

FOLFIRINOX or Gemcitabine Plus Nab-paclitaxel as First Line Treatment in Pancreatic Cancer: A Real-World Comparison.

Background/aim: Advanced pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis and a 5-year survival rate <5%; thus, treatment of patients with advanced unresectable or metastatic disease is challenging. Current guidelines recommend either gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP) or FOLFIRINOX (FOL) as first-line treatment. Data on both efficacy and toxicity of FOL versus GnP in metastatic cancer are limited.

Electrophilic Fluorination of Silyl Dienol Ethers: a General and Selective Access to γ-Fluoro Enals.

We describe the direct synthesis of γ-fluoro enals from the corresponding silyl dienol ethers. This simple process operates under mild conditions and is compatible with a wide range of functionalities. The high γ regioselectivity of this protocol was rationalized by means of theoretical calculations.

Targeting FGFR Pathways in Gastrointestinal Cancers: New Frontiers of Treatment.

In carcinogenesis of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the deregulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling plays a critical role. The aberrant activity of this pathway is described in approximately 10% of gastric cancers and its frequency increases in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (iCCAs), with an estimated frequency of 10-16%. Several selective FGFR inhibitors have been developed in the last few years with promising results.

Nine-Week Versus One-Year Trastuzumab for Early Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Breast Cancer: 10-Year Update of the ShortHER Phase III Randomized Trial.

JCO We present the final analysis of the phase III noninferiority, randomized ShortHER trial comparing 9 weeks versus 1 year of adjuvant trastuzumab with chemotherapy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) early breast cancer (BC). Women with HER2+ BC were randomly assigned to anthracycline-taxane combinations plus 1-year trastuzumab (arm A, long) or 9-week trastuzumab (arm B, short). Here, we report the second coprimary end point overall survival (OS), updated disease-free survival (DFS), and outcomes according to hormone receptor status, age, and nodal status.

The Revival of Enantioselective Perfluoroalkylation - Update of New Synthetic Approaches from 2015-2022.

Over the last years, methods devoted to the synthesis of asymmetric molecules bearing a perfluoroalkylated chain have been limited in number. Among them, only a few can be used on a large variety of scaffolds. This microreview aims at summarizing these recent advances in enantioselective perfluoroalkylation (-CF , -CF H, -C F ) and highlights the need for new enantioselective methods to easily synthesize chiral fluorinated molecules which would be useful for the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries.

Specific ion effects on copper electroplating.

The main goal of this work is to open new perspectives in the field of electrodeposition and provide green alternatives to the electroplating industry. The effect of different anions (SO, ClO, NO, ClO, BF, PF) in solution on the electrodeposition of copper was investigated. The solutions, containing only the copper precursor and the background electrolyte, were tailored to minimize the environmental impact and reduce the use of organic additives and surfactants.

Remote Radical Trifluoromethylation: A Unified Approach to the Selective Synthesis of γ-Trifluoromethyl α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.

Site-selective trifluoromethylation of silyl dienol ethers derived from α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, and amides was achieved for the first time in the remote γ position. This photoredox catalyzed process is quite general to compounds bearing many functionalities and is applicable to the late-stage functionalization of biorelevant molecules. The use of -perfluoroalkyl sulfoximines as ·R radical sources enables the generalization of the reaction to other perfluoroalkyl groups (R = CFH, CF).

COVID-19 Vaccination in Cancer Patients Older Than 70 Years Undergoing Active Treatment. Seroconversion Rate and Safety.

Patients with cancer have a high risk of intubation, intensive care unit admission, or death from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19); age and comorbidities are additional risk factors. Vaccination is effective against COVID-19; however, patients with cancer have been excluded from pivotal clinical trials for COVID-19 vaccines. Data on COVID-19 vaccination in cancer patients who are older are lacking.

Radical α-Trifluoromethoxylation of Ketones under Batch and Flow Conditions by Means of Organic Photoredox Catalysis.

The first light-driven method for the α-trifluoromethoxylation of ketones is reported. Enol carbonates react with -trifluoromethoxy-4-cyano-pyridinium, using the photoredox catalyst 4-CzIPN under 456 nm irradiation, affording the α-trifluoromethoxy ketones in ≤50% isolated yield and complete chemoselectivity. As shown by 29 examples, the reaction is general and proceeds very rapidly under batch (1 h) and flow conditions (2 min).

Structure and Reactivity of N-Heterocyclic Alkynyl Hypervalent Iodine Reagents.

Ethynylbenziodoxol(on)e (EBX) cyclic hypervalent iodine reagents have become popular reagents for the alkynylation of radicals and nucleophiles, but only offer limited possibilities for further structure and reactivity fine-tuning. Herein, the synthesis of new N-heterocyclic hypervalent iodine reagents with increased structural flexibility based on amide, amidine and sulfoximine scaffolds is reported. Solid-state structures of the reagents are reported and the analysis of the I-C bond lengths allowed assessing the trans-effect of the different substituents.

Second-line Eribulin in Triple Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer patients. Multicentre Retrospective Study: The TETRIS Trial.

Large and consistent evidence supports the use of eribulin mesylate in clinical practice in third or later line treatment of metastatic triple negative breast cancer (mTNBC). Conversely, there is paucity of data on eribulin efficacy in second line treatment. We investigated outcomes of 44 mTNBC patients treated from 2013 through 2019 with second line eribulin mesylate in a multicentre retrospective study involving 14 Italian oncologic centres.

Direct Trifluoromethylation of Alcohols Using a Hypervalent Iodosulfoximine Reagent.

The direct trifluoromethylation of a variety of aliphatic alcohols using a hypervalent iodosulfoximine reagent afforded the corresponding ethers in moderate to good yields (14-72 %). Primary, secondary, and even tertiary alcohols, including examples derived from natural products, underwent this transformation in the presence of catalytic amounts of zinc bis(triflimide). Typical reaction conditions involved a neat mixture of 6.

Coronavirus disease-2019 in cancer patients. A report of the first 25 cancer patients in a western country (Italy).

We describe cancer patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection treated at the Piacenza's general hospital (north Italy). 25 cancer patients infected by COVID-19 admitted at the Piacenza's general hospital from 21 February to 18 March 2020. Outcome from the infection were compared with infected noncancer patients.

Merging hypervalent iodine and sulfoximine chemistry: a new electrophilic trifluoromethylation reagent.

Electrophilic trifluoromethylation is at the forefront of methodologies available for the installation of the CF moiety to organic molecules; research in this field is largely spurred by the availability of stable and accessible trifluoromethylation reagents, of which hypervalent iodine and sulfoximine based compounds have emerged as two prominent reagent classes. Herein, we describe the facile synthesis of an electrophilic trifluoromethylation reagent which merges these two scaffolds in a novel hypervalent iodosulfoximine compound. This presents the first analogue of the well-known Togni reagents which neither compromises stability or reactivity.

Four-Component Photoredox-Mediated Azidoalkoxy-trifluoromethylation of Alkenes.

We report herein an efficient four-component photoredox-catalyzed reaction. Under the optimized conditions using [Ru(bpy)(PF)] as the photocatalyst, a wide range of terminal and internal alkenes can efficiently undergo azidoalkoxy-trifluoromethylation in the presence of Umemoto's reagent, carbonyl compound, and TMSN, giving rise to original and highly complex molecules in a single operation.

Divergent Synthesis of 1,2-Benzo[ e]thiazine and Benzo[ d]thiazole Analogues Containing a S-Trifluoromethyl Sulfoximine Group: Preparation and New Properties of the Adachi Reagent.

We report here the preparation of unprecedented analogues of 1,2-benzothiazine and benzoisothiazole incorporating the S-trifluoromethyl sulfoximine group in their core. Using a stable precursor to start, cyclization occurs via a catalytic controlled process. The choice of the catalyst is crucial for selectivity toward the five- or the six-membered ring.

One-Pot Synthesis of Aryl- and Alkyl S-Perfluoroalkylated NH-Sulfoximines from Sulfides.

A general efficient one-pot synthesis of S-perfluoroalkylated NH-sulfoximines from sulfides has been developed using phenyliodine diacetate (PIDA) and ammonium carbamate. Remarkable rate enhancement with trifluoroethanol was observed, presumably due to H-bonding effects. These mild and metal-free conditions are compatible with -CH F, -CFCl , -CF H, -CF Br, -C F , and -CF groups, in both the alkyl- and aryl series.