Harm reduction associated with heated tobacco products: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised studies in humans comparing the outcomes of switching to heated tobacco products (HTPs) versus continuing conventional tobacco smoking by burning.

Methods: We searched the electronic databases which included PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and Google Scholar from inception to May 2023. Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) in humans comparing HTPs with conventional burnt tobacco products were selected.

Planned to perfection? Use of the model repositioning instrument to plan maxillary movements for orthognathic surgery.

Previous studies have reported significant discrepancies between the surgical treatment objectives and final surgical results in orthognathic surgery patients. When dealing with complex asymmetrical maxillary movements in bimaxillary osteotomy patients, it can often be difficult to reposition the maxilla with a desirable degree of accuracy at the planning stage. Inaccurate placement of the maxilla can result in an unwanted repositioning of the mandible, which can lead to less than ideal functional and esthetic outcomes.