Long-Term Therapeutic Effects of Ac-DOTA-E[c(RGDfK)] Induced by Radiosensitization via G2/M Arrest in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

: Alpha radionuclide therapy has emerged as a promising novel strategy for cancer treatment; however, the therapeutic potential of Ac-labeled peptides in pancreatic cancer remains uninvestigated. : In the cytotoxicity study, tumor cells were incubated with Ac-DOTA-RGD. DNA damage responses (γH2AX and 53BP1) were detected using flowcytometry or immunohistochemistry analysis.

Usefulness of a new anthropomorphic phantom simulating the chest and abdomen regions in PET tests.

Objective: To investigate the clinical utility of a new anthropomorphic phantom that reproduces the chest and abdomen better than the conventional National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) body phantom, count rates and image quality of PET images obtained from patients were evaluated.

Methods: Anthropomorphic phantoms were used to include radioactivity in the lung, liver, kidney, and background regions. Two NEMA body phantoms were used for chest and abdominal assessments.

Evaluation of Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT: a Phase 1 clinical study in Japanese patients with primary, recurrent, or suspected recurrent prostate cancer.

Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radiopharmaceuticals allow whole-body imaging to detect prostate cancer (PC). Positron emission tomography imaging using gallium-68 (Ga)-PSMA-11 has been shown to have a favorable safety and tolerability profile and high diagnostic performance. The study evaluates the safety and pharmacokinetics of Ga-PSMA-11 in Japanese patients with primary, recurrent, or suspected recurrent prostate cancer.

A new simpler image quality index based on body size for FDG-PET/CT.

Noise equivalent count density (NEC density ) is often used to evaluate the image quality of whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose tomography tests. However, this index is calculated using the patient volume, which is difficult to obtain at every facility. In this study, we proposed new image quality indices that can be evaluated at all facilities.

A case of frequent hypoglycemic attacks successfully controlled with capecitabine plus temozolomide and Lu-DOTATATE peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in a patient with recurrent pancreatic insulinoma.

A 59-year-old woman with metastatic pancreatic insulinoma, having undergone several treatment regimens including sunitinib, everolimus, lanreotide and streptozocin plus 5-fluorouracil, was admitted to our hospital because of frequent hypoglycemic attacks. These were refractory to medical treatment using diazoxide and required frequent daily intravenous glucose infusions. She was started on capecitabine and temozolomide (CAPTEM), followed by initiation of Lu-DOTATATE peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT).

Long-term outcomes and prognostic factors of patients with lung metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer after radioiodine therapy in Japan.

Long-term survival in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and lung metastasis remains unexplored in Japan. This study aimed to investigate the long-term survival and prognostic factors of radioiodine therapy (RIT) in a University Hospital setting. This retrospective study included 62 patients with lung metastases from DTC who received RIT between March 2005 and December 2016.

[Measurement of Airborne Radioactivity in the Inpatient Room after Administering [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 to Humans].

Objective: [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 is a radioisotope used in nuclear medicine. It is necessary to take appropriate measures to limit its exposure and ensures its airborne concentrations do not exceed legally permitted levels. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure the airborne radioactivity concentration in the inpatient room after administering [Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 to humans.

[Current Trends and Issues in Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine and Proposed Solutions].

Therapeutic nuclear medicine is an approach to treating malignant tumors by irradiating the target tissue from within. It shows comprehensive efficacy for all lesions including metastatic foci, and it is generally less toxic than chemotherapy. It is already widely utilized in the United States and Europe, where advanced research has yielded abundant evidence on novel radioisotope drugs for cancers, such as thyroid cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, and renal cancer.

I-labeled 2-[4-(2-iodophenyl)piperidino]cyclopentanol (I-OI5V) imaging visualized augmented sigma-1 receptor expression according to the severity of myocardial ischemia.

Background: We aimed to explore how the severity of myocardial ischemia affects myocardial sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) expression using I-labeled 2-[4-(2-iodophenyl)piperidino]cyclopentanol (I-OI5V) imaging.

Methods And Results: The left coronary artery was occluded for 30, 20, and 10 minute, to vary the severity of myocardial ischemia, followed by reperfusion. Dual-tracer autoradiography of the left ventricular short-axis slices was performed 3 and 7 days after reperfusion.

Diagnosis of Parkinson syndrome and Lewy-body disease using I-ioflupane images and a model with image features based on machine learning.

Objectives: I-ioflupane has been clinically applied to dopamine transporter imaging and visual interpretation assisted by region-of-interest (ROI)-based parameters. We aimed to build a multivariable model incorporating machine learning (ML) that could accurately differentiate abnormal profiles on I-ioflupane images and diagnose Parkinson syndrome or disease and dementia with Lewy bodies (PS/PD/DLB).

Methods: We assessed I-ioflupane images from 239 patients with suspected neurodegenerative diseases or dementia and classified them as having PS/PD/DLB or non-PS/PD/DLB.

I-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy is a significant treatment option for pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.

Aim: Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are rare neuroendocrine tumours of chromaffin cells. Several modalities are currently available to treat patients with PPGL. These treatment modalities include surgery, chemotherapy, molecular targeted therapy and radiopharmaceuticals.

Application of a tungsten apron for occupational radiation exposure in nursing care of children with neuroblastoma during I-meta-iodo-benzyl-guanidine therapy.

The use of effective shielding materials against radiation is important among medical staff in nuclear medicine. Hence, the current study investigated the shielding effects of a commercially available tungsten apron using gamma ray measuring instruments. Further, the occupational radiation exposure of nurses during I-meta-iodo-benzyl-guanidine (I-MIBG) therapy for children with high-risk neuroblastoma was evaluated.

Volumetric evaluation of Tc-pyrophosphate SPECT/CT for transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis: Methodology and correlation with cardiac functional parameters.

Background: Volumetric evaluation of Technetium-pyrophosphate (Tc-PYP) SPECT/CT is a useful method for assessing transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA). We investigated the methodology and assessed its relationship with conventional parameters.

Methods And Results: We retrospectively evaluated Tc-PYP SPECT/CT scans of 25 patients who underwent endomyocardial biopsy and/or gene testing.

An open-label, single-arm, multi-center, phase II clinical trial of single-dose [I]meta-iodobenzylguanidine therapy for patients with refractory pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.

Objective: In this phase II study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of single-dose [I]meta-iodobenzylguanidine (I-mIBG) therapy in patients with refractory pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL).

Patients And Methods: This study was designed as an open-label, single-arm, multi-center, phase II clinical trial. The enrolled patients were administered 7.

Phase I/II clinical trial of high-dose [I] meta-iodobenzylguanidine therapy for high-risk neuroblastoma preceding single myeloablative chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Purpose: Paediatric high-risk neuroblastoma has poor prognosis despite modern multimodality therapy. This phase I/II study aimed to determine the safety, dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), and efficacy of high-dose I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (I-mIBG) therapy combined with single high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in high-risk neuroblastoma in Japan.

Methods: Patients received 666 MBq/kg of I-mIBG and single HDC and HSCT from autologous or allogeneic stem cell sources.

Feasibility of I-RGD uptake as a marker of angiogenesis after myocardial infarction.

Objective: Angiogenesis is an important process facilitating the healing process after myocardial infarction. I-RGD imaging may be a promising candidate to image angiogenesis but may also detect inflammation.

Methods: Left coronary artery was occluded for 30 min, followed by reperfusion in a rat model (n = 31).

Prognostic factors for refractory pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma after I-metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy.

Objective: Given the rarity of refractory pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL), outcomes and prognostic factors after I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (I-mIBG) treatment still remain unclear. Therefore, this study evaluated whether baseline characteristics at initial I-mIBG therapy and imaging response to repeated I-mIBG therapy could be prognostic factors for refractory PPGL.

Methods: All patients [n = 59 (male/female = 35/24), median age; 49.

[Radiation Protection Against Exposure from Patients Receiving I-MIBG and Released from Radiation Treatment Room].

I-3-iodobenzylguanidine or I-iobenguane (3-(I) iodobenzylguanidine or I-iobenguane [I-MIBG]) is a radioactive agent that is specifically accumulated in tumor cells such as pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma. Due to its cytotoxic beta ray emitted from I, it has been developed as an agent for radioisotope therapy and some researchers have reported its effectiveness. In this study, based on the patients' data from previous clinical trials of I-MIBG therapy, we evaluated the radiation safety for public exposure caused by radiation emitted from patients who received I-MIBG.

Visualization of Dynamic Expression of Myocardial Sigma-1 Receptor After Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion Using Radioiodine-Labeled 2-[4-(2-iodophenyl)piperidino]cyclopentanol (OI5V) Imaging.

Background: This study chronologically evaluated the expression of the intensity and distribution of the sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) demonstrated by radiolabeled 2-[4-(2-iodophenyl)piperidino]cyclopentanol (OI5V) in a rat model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.

Methods and results: The left coronary artery was occluded for 30 min, followed by reperfusion. Dual-tracer autoradiography with I-OI5V and Tc-MIBI was performed to assess the spatiotemporal changes in I-OI5V uptake (n=5-6).

Colchicine treatment early after infarction attenuates myocardial inflammatory response demonstrated by C-methionine imaging and subsequent ventricular remodeling by quantitative gated SPECT.

Objective: Colchicine has been used as an anti-inflammatory agent and may be cardioprotective after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We investigated how colchicine administration after AMI affects the myocardial inflammatory response using C-methionine and subsequent ventricular remodeling using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in a rat model of AMI.

Methods: The left coronary artery (LCA) was occluded for 30 min followed by reperfusion.

Diagnostic Use of Post-therapy I-Meta-Iodobenzylguanidine Scintigraphy in Consolidation Therapy for Children with High-Risk Neuroblastoma.

I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (I-mIBG) scintigraphy is used for evaluating disease extent in children with neuroblastoma. I-mIBG therapy has been used for evaluation in children with high-risk neuroblastoma, and post-therapy I-mIBG scintigraphy may detect more lesions compared with diagnostic I-mIBG scintigraphy. However, no studies have yet revealed the detection rate of hidden mIBG-avid lesions on post-therapy I-mIBG whole-body scan (WBS) and SPECT images in neuroblastoma children without mIBG-avid lesions as demonstrated by diagnostic I-mIBG scintigraphy.

High-dose I-mIBG as consolidation therapy in pediatric patients with relapsed neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma: the Japanese experience.

Objective: Children with relapsed neuroblastoma have a poor prognosis despite modern multimodality therapy. Novel and more effective therapeutic strategies are required for relapsed neuroblastoma. We retrospectively examined the utility of consolidation therapy with high-dose I-meta-iodo-benzyl-guanidine (I-mIBG) in relapsed neuroblastoma or ganglioneuroblastoma patients with complete response (CR) to induction therapy as demonstrated by diagnostic I-mIBG scintigraphy.

[The Nationwide Survey on Avoidance of Targeted Radionuclide Therapy in Patients with Limited Activities of Daily Living and Those Undergoing Hemodialysis].

Targeted radionuclide therapy with high-dose radioisotopes should be performed in isolation rooms. Patients can be released only after radioactivity remaining in their bodies becomes less than the limits determined by the release criteria in order to secure public protection. Patients are asked to stay in isolation rooms for a few days.