CHMP5 attenuates osteoarthritis via inhibiting chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation: involvement of NF-κB pathway.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disease, is linked with chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Charged multivesicular body protein 5 (CHMP5), a member of the multivesicular body, has been reported to serve as an anti-apoptotic protein to participate in leukemia development. However, the effects of CHMP5 on apoptosis and ECM degradation in OA remain unclear.

MSRB2 Ameliorates HO-induced Chondrocyte Oxidative Stress and Suppresses Apoptosis in Osteoarthritis.

Background: Chondrocyte oxidative stress and apoptosis are critical factors contributing to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). Methionine sulfoxide reductase B2 (MSRB2) is a mitochondrial protein that protects cells from oxidative stress and is involved in apoptosis. This study aimed to investigated the expression of MSRB2 in articular cartilage tissues and elucidated its effect on HO-stimulated chondrocytes.

3,3'-diindolylmethane inhibits LPS-induced human chondrocytes apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation by activating PI3K-Akt-mTOR-mediated autophagy.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by articular cartilage destruction. The pathological mechanisms are complex; in particular, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis are often involved. 3,3-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a phytoconstituent extracted from cruciferous vegetables, has various effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic.

Shikonin, a promising therapeutic drug for osteoarthritis that acts via autophagy activation.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint degenerative disease characterised by narrowed articular space, formation of surrounding osteophytes, and subchondral bone sclerosis. OA is caused by cartilage degeneration, which is closely correlated with the disequilibrium of anabolism and catabolism in chondrocytes. Previous studies have revealed that autophagy plays a significant role in maintaining the balance of anabolic and catabolic activities.

Identification of the Fosl1/AMPK/autophagy axis involved in apoptotic and inflammatory effects following spinal cord injury.

Strategies for reducing spinal cord injury (SCI) have become a research focus because an effective treatment of SCI is unavailable. The objective of this study was to explore the underlying mechanisms of Fosl1 following SCI. Based on the analysis of the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, Fosl1 was found to be highly enhanced in SCI.

Bioinformatics-based study to identify immune infiltration and inflammatory-related hub genes as biomarkers for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease whose principal pathological change is aggressive chronic synovial inflammation; however, the specific etiology and pathogenesis have not been fully elucidated. We downloaded the synovial tissue gene expression profiles of four human knees from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, analyzed the differentially expressed genes in the normal and RA groups, and assessed their enrichment in functions and pathways using bioinformatics methods and the STRING online database to establish protein-protein interaction networks. Cytoscape software was used to obtain 10 hub genes; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated for each hub gene and differential expression analysis of the two groups of hub genes.

Study on diffusion mechanism and failure behavior of epoxy coatings focusing on synergistic effect of temperature and water molecules.

The research on the diffusion of water in coatings has been a hot topic in many fields, such as chemistry, coating structure and hydrogen bonding. In this paper, DGEBA epoxy coating was used as a sample to explore the diffusion process of 3 wt.% NaCl solution at different temperatures.

Identification of Regeneration and Hub Genes and Pathways at Different Time Points after Spinal Cord Injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurological injury that can cause neuronal loss around the lesion site and leads to locomotive and sensory deficits. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to verify differential gene time-course expression in SCI and provide new insights for gene-level studies.

Tomato fruit as a model for tissue-specific gene silencing in crop plants.

Use of CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated 9)-mediated genome editing has proliferated for use in numerous plant species to modify gene function and expression, usually in the context of either transient or stably inherited genetic alternations. While extremely useful in many applications, modification of some loci yields outcomes detrimental to further experimental evaluation or viability of the target organism. Expression of Cas9 under a promoter conferring gene knockouts in a tissue-specific subset of genomes has been demonstrated in insect and animal models, and recently in .

The tomato gene contributes to regulation of fruit ripening.

Fleshy fruit ripening is governed by multiple external and internal cues and accompanied by changes in color, texture, volatiles, and nutritional quality traits. While extended shelf-life and increased phytonutrients are desired, delaying ripening via genetic or postharvest means can be accompanied by reduced nutritional value. Here we report that the () mutation at the () locus, previously shown to influence carotenoid and additional phytonutrient accumulation via altered light signal transduction, also results in delayed ripening and firmer texture, resulting at least in part from decreased ethylene evolution.

Tomato UV-B receptor SlUVR8 mediates plant acclimation to UV-B radiation and enhances fruit chloroplast development via regulating SlGLK2.

Plants utilize energy from sunlight to perform photosynthesis in chloroplast, an organelle that could be damaged by solar UV radiation. The ultraviolet-B (UV-B) photoreceptor UVR8 is required for UV-B perception and signal transduction. However, little is known about how UVR8 influence chloroplast development under UV-B radiation.

Ubiquitin-conjugated degradation of golden 2-like transcription factor is mediated by CUL4-DDB1-based E3 ligase complex in tomato.

CULLIN4-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRL4s) as well as their targets are fundamental regulators functioning in many key developmental and stress responses in eukaryotes. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), molecular cloning has revealed that the underlying genes of natural spontaneous mutations high pigment 1 (hp1), high pigment 2 (hp2) and uniform ripening (u) encode UV-DAMAGED DNA BINDING PROTEIN 1 (DDB1), DE-ETIOLATED 1 (DET1) and GOLDEN 2-LIKE (GLK2), respectively. However, the molecular basis of the opposite actions of tomato GLK2 vs CUL4-DDB1-DET1 complex on regulating plastid level and fruit quality remains unknown.

[Principles in the design of surface temperature measurement method via radiation approach].

The fundamental issues in the design of surface temperature measurement method via radiation approach are discussed in this article, such as the spectral and directional complicacy of thermal radiation, the optical design, and the electrocircuit design. A generalized equation for the analysis of temperature measurement method via radiation approach is proposed. The method of absolute value and relative value is compared.