Effect of Scaffold Geometrical Structure on Macrophage Polarization during Bone Regeneration Using Honeycomb Tricalcium Phosphate.

The polarization balance of M1/M2 macrophages with different functions is important in osteogenesis and bone repair processes. In a previous study, we succeeded in developing honeycomb tricalcium phosphate (TCP), which is a cylindrical scaffold with a honeycomb arrangement of straight pores, and we demonstrated that TCP with 300 and 500 μm pore diameters (300TCP and 500TCP) induced bone formation within the pores. However, the details of the influence of macrophage polarization on bone formation using engineered biomaterials, especially with respect to the geometric structure of the artificial biomaterials, are unknown.

Gene‒Environment Interaction Between CAST Gene and Eye-Rubbing in the Chinese Keratoconus Cohort Study: A Case-Only Study.

Purpose: Keratoconus (KC), characterized by progressive corneal protrusion and thinning, is a complex disease influenced by the combination of genetic and environmental factors. The purpose of this study was to explore potential gene‒environment interaction between the calpastatin (CAST) gene and eye-rubbing in KC.

Methods: A case-only study including 930 patients (676 patients with eye-rubbing and 254 patients without eye-rubbing) from the Chinese Keratoconus (CKC) cohort study was performed in the present study.

The Chinese keratoconus (CKC) cohort study.

The Chinese keratoconus (CKC) cohort study is a population-based longitudinal prospective cohort study in the Chinese population involving a clinical database and biobanks. This ongoing study focuses on the prevention of KC progression and is the first to involve the effect of gene‒environment interactions on KC progression. The CKC cohort is hospital-based and dynamic and was established in Zhengzhou, China; KC patients (n = 1114) from a large geographical area were enrolled from January 2019 to June 2023, with a mean age of 22.

[Bile acid derivatives-focused chemical profiling in snake bile].

As a precious traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), snake bile has been widely used in numerous Chinese medicine prescriptions. Bile acid(BA) derivatives have been demonstrated as the primary chemical family in snake bile. In-depth chemical characterization of BAs is of great importance towards the establishment of quality standards and clarification of the effective material basis for snake bile.

β-Lactams as promising anticancer agents: Molecular hybrids, structure activity relationships and potential targets.

β-Lactam, commonly referred as azetidin-2-one, is a multifunctional building block for synthesizing β-amino ketones, γ-amino alcohols, and other compounds. Besides its well known antibiotic activity, this ring system exhibits a wide range of activities, attracting the attention of researchers. However, the structurally diverse β-lactam analogues as anticancer agents and their different molecular targets are poorly discussed.

[Direct chemome profiling of using online pressurized extraction-ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-ion trap-time-of-flight mass spectrometry].

An online pressurized extraction-ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-ion trap-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (online PLE-UHPLC-IT-TOF-MS) platform was configured for the rapid and direct profiling of the chemical constituents of (). Notably, only a sub-microgram amount (0.5 mg) of was placed in an empty guard column core, which was then filled up with normal-phase silica gel as an extraction vessel.

Differentiation and roles of bone marrow-derived cells on the tumor microenvironment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

The stroma affects the properties and dynamics of the tumor. Previous studies have demonstrated that bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) possess the capability of differentiating into stromal cells. However, the characteristics and roles of BMDCs in oral squamous cell carcinoma remain unclear.

The Role of Sonic Hedgehog Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Sonic hedgehog (SHH) and its signaling have been identified in several human cancers, and increased levels of SHH expression appear to correlate with cancer progression. However, the role of SHH in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is still unclear. No studies have compared the expression of SHH in different subtypes of OSCC and focused on the relationship between the tumor parenchyma and stroma.

Optimized bioluminescence analysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) released by platelets and its application in the high throughput screening of platelet inhibitors.

Activated platelets release adenosine trisphosphate (ATP) and bioluminescence analysis of ATP release is usually used to monitor activation of platelets induced by various stimulants. However, bioluminescence analysis of ATP possesses poor linearity, the signal is quickly attenuated, and the accuracy of ATP release from platelets is hard to determine accurately enough to be used in a high throughput screening of platelet inhibitors. The present study was designed to optimize bioluminescence analysis of ATP released by platelets and expand its application in high throughput screening of platelet inhibitors.

Optimal collision energy is an eligible molecular descriptor to boost structural annotation: An application for chlorogenic acid derivatives-focused chemical profiling.

Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), in particular high-resolution MS/MS, is able to provide element compositions and substructures for the detected signals. However, it is still challenging to configure the whole structures via linking those substructures. Efforts were devoted here to propose and validate optimal collision energy (OCE) to be an auxiliary structural clue to mass-to-charge ratios (m/z), and online energy-resolved MS was developed to yield OCEs.

Tumor Angiogenic Inhibition Triggered Necrosis (TAITN) in Oral Cancer.

CXCR4 is a chemokine receptor crucial in tumor progression, although the angiogenic role of CXCR4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been investigated. Here we show that CXCR4 is crucial for tumor angiogenesis, thereby supporting tumor survival in OSCC. Immunohistochemistry on human clinical specimens revealed that CXCR4 and a tumor vasculature marker CD34 were co-distributed in tumor vessels in human OSCC specimens.