The immune system in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: Updating the current state of knowledge on potential therapies and animal model construction.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders worldwide, and it can occur in people of all ages, including children. HT has a multifactorial pathogenesis and develops after a combination of gene regulation, environmental modifiers, and infection triggers. Various coamplifying feedback chronic inflammatory systems are involved in immune mechanisms, including oxidative stress, lymphocyte infiltration, and thyroid cell death.

Diagnostic value of preoperative systemic inflammatory markers and carcinoembryonic antigen in medullary thyroid carcinoma and the risk factors affecting its prognosis.

Background: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare malignancy originating from aggressive parafollicular C cells that causes 8-13% of thyroid cancer-related deaths despite its low incidence. Calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are considered to be important indicators for the diagnosis of MTC, while serum inflammatory markers have been shown to be valuable in the diagnosis and evaluation of a variety of malignant tumors, but the amount of research literature on MTC is still limited. This article aims to assess the value of serum inflammatory markers, CEA and calcitonin in the differential diagnosis of MTC from papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), and to explore the risk factors affecting lateral zone lymph node metastasis of MTC and the clinical features that can be predictive of disease-free survival (DFS).

Socioeconomic status and delayed surgery: impact on non-metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma outcomes.

Introduction: The growing popularity of active surveillance for papillary thyroid cancer and the COVID-19 pandemic have increased surgery delay, further necessitating a reassessment of the link between surgery delay and survival outcomes for papillary thyroid cancer. In this study, we aim to investigate the interplay among various oncological factors, socioeconomic status, and surgical timing with respect to survival outcomes of papillary thyroid cancer.

Methods: A total of 58,378 non-metastatic papillary thyroid cancer patients from 2000 to 2018 were screened from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

Stratified Impact of Therapies on Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Outcomes in the Pre-Gene-Targeted Therapy Era.

Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a highly lethal disease, often diagnosed with advanced locoregional and distant metastases, resulting in a median survival of just 3-5 months. This study determines the stratified effectiveness of baseline treatments in all combinations, enabling precise prognoses prediction and establishing benchmarks for advanced therapeutic options.

Methods: The study extracted a cohort of pathologically confirmed ATC patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program.

Bibliometric analysis and visualization of global research trends in primary thyroid lymphoma via CiteSpace.

Background: Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare malignancy of the thyroid gland that poses significant clinical challenges due to its rarity and the varied therapeutic approaches it demands. Although recent years have seen an increasing focus on PTL, there is a notable lack of bibliometric analyses that consolidate the evolving research within this field. This study aims to analyze and highlight the research hotspots and trend changes in PTL, elucidating their clinical implications and guiding future research.

Inhibition of THBS1 axis contributes to the antitumor effect of PA-MSHA in anaplastic thyroid cancer.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is the most aggressive form of thyroid cancer, has the worst prognosis, and lacks effective treatment in clinical practice. Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) is a multifunctional extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein that regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis, and is considered a potential clinical biomarker for the monitoring and prognostication of various tumors. However, the specific roles and molecular mechanisms of action of THBS1 in ATC remain unclear.

The differences between unilateral multifocality and bilateral multifocality in papillary thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The differences between unilateral multifocality and bilaterality in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the differences between unilateral multifocal PTC (UMPTC) and bilateral multifocal PTC (BMPTC).

Methods: Retrospective data analysis was done on 503 individuals who underwent complete thyroidectomy for PTC.

Restratification of intermediate risk factors on the recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Data regarding the long-term recurrence in patients with intermediate-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are limited. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of primary tumor-related risk factors and lymph node (LN)-only risk factors on recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with intermediate-risk PTC.

Materials And Methods: Patients with PTC who received initial treatment at our institution between 2010 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.

Postmarketing Safety Concerns of Teprotumumab: A Real-World Pharmacovigilance Assessment.

Context: Teprotumumab, which targets the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor, is the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of thyroid eye disease (TED).

Objective: This study aimed to identify potential safety signals of teprotumumab by analyzing postmarketing safety data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database in 2023.

Methods: The case/noncase approach was used to estimate the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC) with relevant 95% CI for adverse events (AEs) that numbered 3 or more.

The EPRS-ATF4-COLI pathway axis is a potential target for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma therapy.

Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is recognized as the most aggressive and malignant form of thyroid cancer, underscoring the critical need for effective therapeutic strategies to curb its progression and improve patient prognosis. Halofuginone (HF), a derivative of febrifugine, has displayed antitumor properties across various cancer types. However, there is a paucity of published research focused on the potential of HF to enhance the clinical efficacy of treating ATC.

Unveiling Gambogenic Acid as a Promising Antitumor Compound: A Review.

Gambogenic acid is a derivative of gambogic acid, a polyprenylated xanthone isolated from . Compared with the more widely studied gambogic acid, gambogenic acid has demonstrated advantages such as a more potent antitumor effect and less systemic toxicity than gambogic acid according to early investigations. Therefore, the present review summarizes the effectiveness and mechanisms of gambogenic acid in different cancers and highlights the mechanisms of action.

Total thyroidectomy versus less-than-total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma of isthmus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma of isthmus (PTCI) has a more aggressive nature, a higher rate of lymph node metastasis and tumor recurrence. Clinicians have different preferences for the surgical approach to PTCI, but there are no definitive guidelines. The purpose of this article is to compare the oncologic outcomes and complications of total thyroidectomy and less-than-total thyroidectomy for PTCI using meta-analysis.

Pharmacological treatment of Tourette's syndrome: from the past to the future.

Tourette's syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disease featuring tics and vocal tics, with a prevalence of approximately 1%, including 75% of the total number of male patients. TS seriously disturbs the patients' career, education, and life and brings a serious and unbearable psychological burden to the patients themselves and their families. At present, there are no specific clinical medications recommended for treating TS.

Trends, Influence Factors, and Doctor-Patient Perspectives of Web-Based Visits for Thyroid Surgery Clinical Care: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: In recent years, the new generation of telecommunication technologies has profoundly changed the traditional medical industry. To alleviate the medical difficulties faced by patients with thyroid diseases, hospitals have opened web-based visits and actively combined online-to-offline outpatient services.

Objective: This study aims to explore differences between office and web-based outpatient services from doctors' and patients' perspectives, illustrate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on outpatient services, and provide clues for improving the online-to-offline mode of care for patients with thyroid diseases.

Withaferin A: A Dietary Supplement with Promising Potential as an Anti-Tumor Therapeutic for Cancer Treatment - Pharmacology and Mechanisms.

Cancer, as the leading cause of death worldwide, poses a serious threat to human health, making the development of effective tumor treatments a significant challenge. Natural products continue to serve as crucial resources for drug discovery. Among them, Withaferin A (WA), the most active phytocompound extracted from the renowned dietary supplement (L.

The value of total tumor diameter in unilateral multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma: a propensity score matching analysis.

Background: Tumor multifocality is frequently observed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, the maximum tumor diameter (MTD), currently utilized in various staging schemes, might not accurately indicate the level of aggressiveness exhibited by multifocal tumors. We aimed to investigate the relationship between total tumor diameter (TTD) and clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Diagnostic performance of ultrasound risk stratification systems on thyroid nodules cytologically classified as indeterminate: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Ultrasound (US) risk stratification systems (RSSs) are increasingly being utilized for the optimal management of thyroid nodules, including those with indeterminate cytology. The goal of this study was to evaluate the category-based diagnostic performance of US RSSs in identifying malignancy in indeterminate nodules.

Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021266195).

Diagnostic performance of adult-based ultrasound risk stratification systems in pediatric thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Ultrasound (US) is the first choice in the detection of thyroid nodules in pediatric and adult patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of adult-based US risk stratification systems (RSSs) when applied to the pediatric population.

Methods: Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) were searched up to 5 March 2023 for studies about the diagnostic performance of adult-based US RSS in pediatric patients.

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy.

The manuscript describes the transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) for thyroid lobectomy. The patient is placed in the supine position with extension and fixation of the neck. One 20 mm transverse incision and two 5 mm incisions are made through the mucosa of the oral vestibule for camera and instrument placement after disinfection of the skin and oral cavity.

Mitochondrial dysfunction-targeting therapeutics of natural products in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, often occurs in middle-aged and elderly individuals. The pathogenesis of PD is complex and includes mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Recently, natural products with multiple structures and their bioactive components have become one of the most important resources for small molecule PD drug research targeting mitochondrial dysfunction.

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model.

In recent years, Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) has become the most common autoimmune thyroid disease. It is characterized by lymphocyte infiltration and the detection of specific serum autoantibodies. Although the potential mechanism is still not clear, the risk of Hashimoto's thyroiditis is related to genetic and environmental factors.

Surgical treatment and prognosis values of extranodal extension to recurrent laryngeal nerve in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Purpose: Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) invasion by extranodal extension (ENE) is a rare condition that may occur in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), and it has never been characterised in the literature.Our research aims to investigate the clinical significance of ENE to RLN including its effect on vocal cord function, relationship with the aggressive behaviour of PTC, and optimal surgical methods.

Methods: A total of 3119 patients, including 2868 patients without RLN invasion, 251 patients with RLN invasion [categorised into the ENE invasion group (n = 55) and extrathyroidal extension (ETE) invasion group (n = 196)] were analyzed retrospectively.

Brusatol: A potential sensitizing agent for cancer therapy from Brucea javanica.

Cancer is currently the most important problem endangering human health. As antitumor drugs have always been the most common methods for treating cancers, searching for new antitumor agents is of great significance. Brusatol, a quassinoid from the seeds of Brucea javanica, exhibits a potent tumor-suppressing effect with improved disease outcome.