Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay system based on PCN-224-Mn and gold-platinum bimetallic nanoflowers for sensitive detection of ochratoxin A.

In this work, a novel Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor was constructed using PCN-224-Mn and gold-platinum nanoflowers (AuPt NFs) for the ultrasensitive detection of ochratoxin A (OTA). PCN-224 modified with Mn (II) was synthesized as a probe material. The interaction efficiency of PCN-224 with SO was also greatly improved.

Antenna effect enhanced ECL immunoassay using microfloral europium porphyrin coordination polymers based on Eu and TCPP for the detection of chloramphenicol in foods.

The "antenna effect" is one of the most important energy transfer modes in lanthanide light-emitting polymers. In this study, novel luminescent nanostructured coordination polymers (Eu-PCP) were synthesized in one step using Eu as the central metal ion and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) as the organic ligand. The unique "antenna effect" observed between Eu and TCPP leads to a substantial improvement in the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission efficiency.

A Highly Sensitive and Group-Specific Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for the Detection of AFB in Agriculture and Aquiculture Products.

Aflatoxins (AFs) including AFB, AFB, AFG and AFG are widely found in agriculture products, and AFB is considered one of the most toxic and harmful mycotoxins. Herein, a highly sensitive (at the pg mL level) and group-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of AFB in agricultural and aquiculture products was developed. The AFB derivative containing a carboxylic group was synthesized and covalently linked to bovine serum albumin (BSA).

Ultrasensitive detection of zearalenone based on electrochemiluminescent immunoassay with Zr-MOF nanoplates and Au@MoS nanoflowers.

In this work, an effective competitive-type electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was constructed for zearalenone determination by using Zr-MOF nanoplates as the ECL luminophore and Au@MoS nanoflowers as the substrate material. Zr-MOF have an ultra-thin sheet-like structure that accelerates the transfer of electrons, ions and co-reactant intermediates, which exhibited strong and stable anodic luminescence. The three-dimensional Au@MoS nanoflowers would form a thin film modification layer on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE).

Development of a flow injection chemiluminescence immunoassay based on DES-mediated CuCoO nanoenzyme for ultrasensitive detection of zearalenone in foods.

Nanoenzymes have been widely used to construct biosensors because of their cost-effectiveness, high stability, and easy modification. At the same time, the discovery of deep eutectic solvents (DES) was a great breakthrough in green chemistry, and their combination with different materials can improve the sensing performance of biosensors. In this work, we report an immunosensor using CuCoO nanoenzyme combined with flow injection chemiluminescence immunoassay for the automated detection of zearalenone (ZEN).

Electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on tin dioxide quantum dots and palladium-modified graphene oxide for the detection of zearalenone.

Developing low-cost and efficient methods to enhance the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) intensity of luminophores is highly desirable and challenging. Herein, we developed an efficient ECL system based on palladium-modified graphene oxide as a substrate and tin dioxide quantum dot-modified spike-like gold-silver alloy as an immunoprobe. Specifically, palladium-modified graphene oxide was rationally selected as the sensor substrate for the attachment of zearalenone antigens while facilitating the amplification of the ECL signal through enhanced electron transfer efficiency.

A sensitive monoclonal antibody-based ELISA integrated with immunoaffinity column extraction for the detection of zearalenone in food and feed samples.

Zearalenone (ZEN) is one of the most toxic mycotoxins widely found in agricultural products. In this study, a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) integrated with immunoaffinity column extraction for the detection of ZEN in food and feed samples was developed. A ZEN derivative containing a carboxylic group was first synthesized and then linked to bovine serum albumin (BSA).

Potential-Resolved Electrochemiluminescence Multiplex Immunoassay for Florfenicol and Chloramphenicol in a Single Sample.

The simultaneous detection of multiple antibiotic residues in food is of great significance for food safety. In this work, a novel dual-potential electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay was designed for the simultaneous detection of chloramphenicol and fluorfenicol residues in food. Ru@MOF was used as an anodic probe, and SnS QDs-PEI-Au-MoS was used as a cathodic probe.

Electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer immunoassay based on a porphyrin metal-organic framework and AuNPs/NSG for the sensitive detection of zearalenone.

In this study, a novel electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) immunoassay was developed for the first time for the detection of zearalenone (ZEN). A porphyrin metal-organic framework (PCN-222), an emerging porphyrin-based ECL luminophore, was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method using tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin, which has excellent ECL emission as well as good ECL efficiency. Because the ECL emission spectrum of PCN-222 is highly matched to the absorption spectrum of gold nanoparticle-modified graphene oxide (AuNPs/NSG) nanocomposites, they were used as donor-acceptor counterparts in this work for the ECL-RET strategy.

An Extremely Highly Sensitive ELISA in pg mL Level Based on a Newly Produced Monoclonal Antibody for the Detection of Ochratoxin A in Food Samples.

In this study, an extremely highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on a newly produced monoclonal antibody (mAb) for the detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) in food samples was developed. OTA-Bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate was prepared and used as the immunogen for the production of the mAb. Among four hybridoma clones (8B10, 5C2, 9B7, and 5E11), the antibody from 8B10 displayed the highest affinity recognition for OTA.

Ultra-sensitive detection of 5-fluorouracil by flow injection chemiluminescence immunoassay based on Fenton-like effect of single atom Co nanozyme.

Single atom nanozymes (SAzymes) are considered as the most hopeful candidates for replacing natural enzymes. In this work, a flow-injection chemiluminescent immunoassay (FI-CLIA) based on a Fenton-like activity single atom cobalt nanozyme (Co SAzyme) was developed for the rapid and sensitive detection of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) in serum for the first time. Co SAzyme was prepared by an in-situ etching method at room temperature using ZIF-8 metal-organic frameworks (ZIF-8 MOFs).

A SERS-based lateral flow immunochromatographic assay using Raman reporter mediated-gap AuNR@Au nanoparticles as the substrate for the detection of enrofloxacin in food samples.

A lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for sensitive and specific detection of antibiotic enrofloxacin (ENR) in food samples was developed. 1,4-benzenedithiol (BDT) was selected as the Raman reporter, and the BDT mediated-gap AuNR@Au nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized, characterized and used as the substrate in SERS-LFIA due to the existence of the anisotropic gold nanorods (AuNRs) and the nano-gap with the high SERS enhancement. AuNRs were prepared, then covered by monolayer BDT.

A resonant energy transfer electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on low trigger potential of Zn-metal organic framework and CoOOH nanosheets for 5-fluorouracil detection.

The organic luminophores have inspired widespread interest in electrochemiluminescence (ECL). Herein, a novel rod-like metal-organic framework was formed by chelating Zn ion with 9,10-di(p-carboxyphenyl)-anthracene (DPA), defined as Zn-MOF for simplicity. In this proposal, the prepared Zn-MOF was first used as a powerful organic luminophore with low trigger potential, thus developing a competitive ECL immunoassay for ultrasensitive detection of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.

Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay strategies based on a hexagonal Ru-MOF and MoS@GO nanosheets: detection of 5-fluorouracil in serum samples.

Herein, a competitive-type electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was fabricated. Ruthenium(II)-metal-organic framework (Ru-MOF) nanosheets were selected to act a promising ECL luminophore using tris(4,4'-dicarboxylic acid-2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) dichloride (Ru(dcbpy)) as the organic ligand. The two-dimensional (2D) Ru-MOF nanosheets achieved an increased loading of Ru(dcbpy) and effectively prevented leakage of the ECL emitter during application, which exhibited satisfactory ECL performance.

A SERS/electrochemical dual-signal readout immunosensor using highly-ordered Au/Ag bimetallic cavity array as the substrate for simultaneous detection of three β-adrenergic agonists.

A surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)/electrochemical dual-signal readout immunosensor was developed for simultaneous detection of β-adrenergic agonists salbutamol (SAL), ractopamine (RAC) and phenylethanolamine A (PA). The highly-ordered gold/silver bimetallic cavity array (BMCA) was prepared by electrodepositing Au/Ag nanoparticles to the interstice of highly ordered close-packed polystyrene templates. After electrochemical and SERS characterization, the BMCA was used as the substrate for constructing SERS/electrochemical dual-signal readout immunosensor.

Recent progress in assembly strategies of nanomaterials-based ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence biosensors for food safety and disease diagnosis.

The Electrochemiluminescence (ECL)-based biosensors have received considerable attention in food contaminants and disease diagnosis, due to their fascinating advantages such as low cost, fast analysis speed, wide linear range, high sensitivity, and excellent anti-interference ability. Meanwhile, with the vigorous development and improvement of nanotechnology, biosensor assembly strategies tend to diversify and be multifunctional. This review focuses on the representative ECL biosensors in food safety and disease diagnosis reported by our research group and other research groups based on nanomaterials assembly strategies in recent years.

Ultrasensitive and Specific Detection of Anticancer Drug 5-Fluorouracil in Blood Samples by a Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)-Based Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an effective anticancer drug widely used in the world. To improve therapy efficiency and reduce side effects, it is very important to frequently detect the concentration of 5-FU in blood samples of patients. In this work, a new type of lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIA) based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for ultrasensitive and specific detection of 5-FU in blood samples was developed.

Development of a highly sensitive and specific monoclonal antibody-based ELISA coupled with immuno-affinity extraction for the detection of anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil in blood samples.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an effective anticancer drug widely used in cancer treatment. In this study, two 5-FU derivatives containing a spacer arm with the carboxylic group at the end were synthesized, which were linked to the carrier proteins to form 5-FU-protein conjugates used as the immunogens for the production of monoclonal antibody (mAb). Based on the produced mAb, the highly sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for 5-FU detection was established.

Highly sensitive competitive electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on ABEI-HO system with cobalt hydroxide nanosheets and bimetal PdAg as co-enhancer for detection of florfenicol.

A competitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was established based on the isoluminol-HO (ABEI-HO) system catalyzed by cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH)) to detect florfenicol residues in food. First , ultra-thin two-dimensional Co(OH) nanosheets were used as the catalyst of ABEI-HO system, and excellent catalytic effects were acquired by catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide with cobalt ions. Then, bimetal PdAg (Pd/Ag) alloy nanoparticles were used as a bridge to connect ABEI and antibody due to their good biocompatibility; Pd/Ag alloy nanoparticles also had a catalytic effect to further amplify the ECL signal in the system due to the synergistic catalytic effect of the bimetal.

Ultra-sensitive detection of florfenicol by flow injection chemiluminescence immunoassay based on Nickel/Cobalt bimetallic metal-organic framework nanozymes.

The emergence and progress of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with high stability, large surface area, and abundant unsaturated active sites, once again promote the development of nanozymes, making nanozymes more advantageous to replace natural enzymes and will increase the applications of chemiluminescence immunoassay. In this study, a flow injection chemiluminescence immunoassay based on Ni/Co metal-organic framework (Ni/Co-MOF) nanozymes was developed, which can quickly and highly sensitively detect florfenicol (FF) in animal-derived food residues. Ni/Co-MOF nanospheres can not only form stable immune probes with antibodies but also act as nanozymes to efficiently catalyze HO for amplifying the chemiluminescence signal of the luminol-HO system.

A novel electrochemiluminescence immunoassay based on highly efficient resonance energy transfer for florfenicol detection.

A novel competitive mechanism electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay based on resonance energy transfer was used to detect florfenicol for the first time. In this work, CeO@TiO nanocomposite, which was used as a donor, was prepared in sol-gel method and the effective band gap of TiO could be reduced by CeO, which promoted the ECL emission of TiO and made the ECL performance of the donor more outstanding. The absorption spectrum of CuS and the ECL emission spectrum of the donor could be highly matched, which ensured the occurrence of electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET).

A novel electrochemiluminescence immunosensing strategy fabricated by Co(OH) two-dimensional nanosheets and Ru@SiO-Au NPs for the highly sensitive detection of enrofloxacin.

In this work, a novel sensitive electrochemiluminescence immunosensor based on Ru@SiO-Au NPs and Co(OH) two-dimensional nanosheets (2D Co(OH)) is constructed for the detection of enrofloxacin (ENR). Ruthenium bipyridine silica spheres and modified gold nanoparticles were synthesized as immune probe materials, which were combined with ENR antibodies (Abs) to form the immune probe part. 2D Co(OH) with a large specific surface area and good catalytic effect was firstly used as an immune substrate material, and at the same time, it was conjugated with the coating antigen (Ae) of ENR to form an immune substrate.

Detection of enrofloxacin by flow injection chemiluminescence immunoassay based on cobalt hydroxide nanozyme.

The emergence and development of low-cost and high-efficiency nanozymes are promising to replace natural enzymes promoting the application of chemiluminescence immunoassays. Herein, a rapid and highly sensitive flow injection chemiluminescence immunoassay based on cobalt hydroxide (Co(OH)) nanozyme was established to detect enrofloxacin (ENR) residues in food. In this system, Co(OH) nanosheets act as nanozymes to catalyze and amplify the chemiluminescence signal of the luminol-PIP-HO system, as well as a carrier for immobilizing antibodies to form stable immunoprobes.

An electrochemiluminescence energy resonance transfer system for highly sensitive detection of brombuterol.

In this work, an electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) system was established based on the modified graphite phase carbon nitride to detect brombuterol residues in food. The ultrasonic-assisted acidification exfoliation modification improved the conductivity and specific surface area of the graphite phase carbon nitride (g-CN). In addition, the carboxylated g-CN nanosheets as ECL donors and the Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles as ECL acceptors could respectively directly carry antigen and antibody.