Gender Attributions by Cisgender and Gender Diverse Listeners Rating Vowels, Reading, and Monologues.

Objectives: To determine if listeners' attributions of speakers' gender vary by linguistic context and/or the listeners' gender identity.

Methods: Seventeen self-identified transgender adults assigned male at birth were audio-recorded prolonging /a/, reading sentences, and saying spontaneous monologues. Eighteen adults (10 cisgender and 8 gender-diverse individuals) listened and used a 1-5 scale (1: very masculine, 2: somewhat masculine, 3: androgynous, 4: somewhat feminine, and 5: very feminine) to rate the gender attribution of each speech sample.

Preterm oral feeding scale to assist in deciding initial oral feeding of preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units.

Background: The inconsistency in decisions to commence oral feeding indicates that health professionals require clearer guidelines to determine when to initiate oral feeding in preterm infants. This study applied the Taiwan version of Preterm Oral Feeding Readiness Assessment Scale (TW-POFRAS) to clinical decision-making, especially for preterm infants with a birth weight less than 1,500 g or gestational age (GA) less than 32 weeks.

Methods: This was a single-center observational cross-sectional study and 81 preterm infants were recruited.