Evaluation of endometrial thickness by transvaginal ultrasound and baseline risk factors as a predictor for endometrial abnormalities in postmenopausal women.

Introduction/purpose: To evaluate the endometrial thickness (ET) as a predictor of endometrial abnormalities in postmenopausal women and whether consideration of baseline risk factors increases diagnostic accuracy.

Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of postmenopausal women presenting with bleeding or thickened endometrium (≥4 mm) on ultrasound, between 2003 and 2012. Risk factors for endometrial abnormality were analysed using logistic regression.

Congenital cataracts - Clinical considerations in ultrasound diagnosis and management.

Paediatric cataracts are one of the more common ocular abnormalities that occur in approximately 6 in 10,000 infants and are a major cause of childhood blindness. A suggested pathological mechanism for congenital cataract formation is the abnormal arrangement of lens fibres during embryogenesis. While toxins, chromosomal abnormalities, infections and metabolic disorders account for the majority of the cases, up to 87% of unilateral cataracts remain idiopathic, making disease prevention an ongoing challenge.