4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA) intoxication results in exaggerated blood pressure effects compared to MDMA and amphetamine: A retrospective analysis.

Objective: 4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA) is an amphetamine-type stimulant, with effects comparable to amphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Severe 4-FA-related complications, such as cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, and cerebral hemorrhage, have been described. The aim of this study was to explore the cardiovascular symptoms and complications in 4-FA and compare them to MDMA and amphetamine in intoxicated patients who presented to the emergency department (ED).