Organophosphate insecticides disturb neuronal network development and function via non-AChE mediated mechanisms.

Exposure to organophosphate (OP) insecticides has been related to several adverse health effects, including neurotoxicity. The primary insecticidal mode of action of OP insecticides relies on (irreversible) binding to acetylcholine esterase (AChE), with -oxon metabolites having a much higher potency for AChE inhibition than the parent compounds. However, OP insecticides can also have non-AChE-mediated effects, including changes in gene expression, neuroendocrine effects, disruption of neurite outgrowth and disturbance of the intracellular calcium (Ca) homeostasis.