Cryoconcentration of olive mill wastewater for application in leather tanning process: an alternative end to protect the environment and save raw materials consumption.

The aim of this work is the cryoconcentration of olive mill wastewater (OMW) to produce highly concentrated polyphenols solutions that can be applied in the tanning industry. The treatment by cryoconcentration consists of four steps: cooling, freezing, sweating, and melting. The operation purifies the ice in depth by partially melting the impure zones trapped in the pockets of concentrated solutions formed in the ice.

Desalination RO reject brine as a novel-based porous geopolymer for phosphorus removal from contaminated media.

Desalination reverse osmosis reject brine-based porous geopolymer (RO/GP) was produced and investigated as an improved adsorbent for phosphorus (P) removal from tainted seawater, brackish water, river water, and municipal wastewater effluent. The RO reject brine/geopolymer was produced by reacting metakaolin and fly ash with a Na-alkali activator and anhydrous RO brine as a sacrificial template. The influence of RO reject brine content on water absorption, porosity, mechanical, and structural properties were examined.