Central nervous system vascular complications associated with the acute form of steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis.

This retrospective study aims to describe the vascular events in the central nervous system (CNS) associated with the acute form of steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA), to compare the clinical features of dogs with and without such complications and to potentially identify predisposing factors for these events. Dogs with a presumptive diagnosis of SRMA visited between 2018 and 2023 with full medical records that underwent neurological examination, blood testing, cervical computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis were included. Thirty-three dogs were included and divided in two groups.

Reversion of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis by skeletal muscle-directed FGF21 gene therapy.

The highly prevalent metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is associated with liver steatosis, inflammation, and hepatocyte injury, which can lead to fibrosis and may progress to hepatocellular carcinoma and death. New treatment modalities such as gene therapy may be transformative for MASH patients. Here, we describe that one-time intramuscular administration of adeno-associated viral vectors of serotype 1 (AAV1) encoding native fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a key metabolic regulator, resulted in sustained increased circulating levels of the factor, which mediated long-term (>1 year) MASH and hepatic fibrosis reversion and halted development of liver tumors in obese male and female mouse models.

Thromboelastography in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy treated with phenobarbital monotherapy.

Background: Thromboelastography (TEG) is an effective technique to assess the efficiency of coagulation. Phenobarbital (PB) can induce hematological and coagulation disorders in both animals and humans, but its effects on hemostasis have been little investigated and are poorly understood in dogs.

Objectives: The aim of this article was to assess coagulation using TEG in a population of dogs with idiopathic epilepsy treated with PB.

Immunohistochemical evaluation of fibrin/fibrinogen, d-dimers, and intravascular thrombosis in brains of dogs with meningoencephalitis of unknown origin.

Granulomatous meningoencephalitis (GME) and necrotizing encephalitides (NE) are the most common immune-mediated inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system in dogs. Activation of the fibrinolytic system in multiple sclerosis, a similar immune-mediated disease affecting the central nervous system in humans, seems to be related to disease progression. The aim of this study was to identify fibrin/fibrinogen and D-dimer deposition, as well as presence of intravascular thrombosis (IVT) in brains of dogs with a diagnosis of GME or NE.

Intracranial Granular Cell Tumours in Three Dogs: Atypical Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features and Immunohistochemical Study.

Intracranial granular cell tumours (GCT) are uncommon neoplasms of uncertain cellular origin that are rarely reported in dogs. This case series describes three aged dogs that presented with neurological signs in which magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed plaquelike extra-axial lesions that were hypointense on T2-weighted (T2w) images. The surgical biopsy of the lesions and necropsies were followed by histochemical characterisation with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining and immunohistochemistry with ubiquitin, S-100, and SOX-10 to elucidate the cellular origin.

Seven-year follow-up of durability and safety of AAV CNS gene therapy for a lysosomal storage disorder in a large animal.

Delivery of adeno-associated viral vectors (AAVs) to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has emerged as a promising approach to achieve widespread transduction of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), with direct applicability to the treatment of a wide range of neurological diseases, particularly lysosomal storage diseases. Although studies in small animal models have provided proof of concept and experiments in large animals demonstrated feasibility in bigger brains, there is not much information on long-term safety or durability of the effect. Here, we report a 7-year study in healthy beagle dogs after intra-CSF delivery of a single, clinically relevant dose (2 × 10 vg/dog) of AAV9 vectors carrying the canine sulfamidase, the enzyme deficient in mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA.

Clinical features, diagnosis, and survival analysis of dogs with glioma.

Background: Gliomas in dogs remain poorly understood.

Objectives: To characterize the clinicopathologic findings, diagnostic imaging features and survival of a large sample of dogs with glioma using the Comparative Brain Tumor Consortium diagnostic classification.

Animals: Ninety-one dogs with histopathological diagnosis of glioma.

Paradoxical Vestibular Syndrome Caused by a Presumptive Cerebellar Infarction in a Rabbit.

A 6-year-old, female spayed rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) presented with right paradoxical vestibular signs. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed and findings were consistent with an ischemic infarct of the cerebellum. The patient improved gradually and was free of clinical signs at the time this article was written.

Efficacy of medium chain triglyceride oil dietary supplementation in reducing seizure frequency in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy without cluster seizures: a non-blinded, prospective clinical trial.

Background: Despite appropriate antiseizure drug (ASD) treatment, around two-thirds of dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE) have seizures long-term and 20-30per cent of affected dogs remain poorly controlled.

Methods: The current study aim is to test in a field trial the efficacy and tolerability of a commercially available diet enriched with 6.5per cent medium chain triglyceride (MCT) oil in dogs (n=21) with at least a tier 1 idiopathic epilepsy diagnosis, without cluster seizures, in 10 veterinary practices across Europe.

Tumour-to-Tumour Metastasis Phenomenon: Metastatic Prostatic Adenocarcinoma within an Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma in the Brain of a Dog.

A 10-year-old entire male French bulldog was presented following clusters of generalized tonic-clonic epileptic seizures. Neurolocalization was consistent with a lesion in the left forebrain. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed a large, ill-defined, intra-axial, space-occupying lesion at the level of the left temporal and parietal lobes, causing marked compression of the adjacent parenchyma.

Immunohistochemical expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is not associated with tumor grade in feline meningiomas.

Meningioma is the most common primary brain tumor in cats and occurs less frequently in the spinal cord. This study aimed to investigate cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in feline meningiomas, and the possible association between COX-2 immunoreactivity and tumor grade using eight low-grade and seven high-grade meningiomas. All tumors (n=15/15) were immunoreactive to COX-2.

Juvenile-onset polyneuropathy in American Staffordshire Terriers.

Background: The only hereditary neurologic disorder described so far in American Staffordshire Terriers is adult-onset cerebellar degeneration secondary to ceroid lipofuscinosis. We have seen several dogs with a newly recognized neurological disease characterized by locomotor weakness with or without respiratory signs and juvenile onset consistent with degenerative polyneuropathy of genetic origin.

Objectives: To characterize a novel polyneuropathy in juvenile American Staffordshire Terriers.

Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomographic characteristics of a glioma causing calvarial erosion in a dog.

An 8-year-old female Boxer was examined for acute onset of seizures. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), an intra-axial mass with imaging features consistent with glioma was observed in the right cerebral hemisphere. A defect in the temporal bone adjacent to the mass was observed.

Clinical Features, Imaging Characteristics, and Long-term Outcome of Dogs with Cranial Meningocele or Meningoencephalocele.

Background: The term meningoencephalocele (MEC) describes a herniation of cerebral tissue and meninges through a defect in the cranium, whereas a meningocele (MC) is a herniation of the meninges alone.

Hypothesis/objectives: To describe the clinical features, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics, and outcomes of dogs with cranial MC and MEC.

Animals: Twenty-two client-owned dogs diagnosed with cranial MC or MEC.

Presence of neural progenitors in spontaneous canine gliomas: A histopathological and immunohistochemical study of 20 cases.

Gliomas are the most common primary brain tumours in humans and are associated with a poor prognosis. An accurate animal model of human glioma tumorigenesis is needed to test new treatment strategies. Dogs represent a promising model because they develop spontaneous diffusely-infiltrating gliomas.

Spontaneously Arising Canine Glioma as a Potential Model for Human Glioma.

Human gliomas are malignant brain tumours that carry a poor prognosis and are composed of a heterogeneous population of cells. There is a paucity of animal models available for study of these tumours and most have been created by genetic modification. Spontaneously arising canine gliomas may provide a model for the characterization of the human tumours.

Canine intracranial meningiomas: Immunohistochemical evaluation of tissue factor, fibrin/fibrinogen and D-dimers.

The haemostatic system influences angiogenesis, cell growth and metastasis in solid tumours. The aim of this study was to investigate tissue factor (TF) expression, fibrin/fibrinogen and D-dimer deposition, as well as the occurrence of intravascular thrombosis (IVT) in canine intracranial meningiomas using immunohistochemistry. All but three (26/29) meningiomas expressed TF.

Development of learning objectives for neurology in a veterinary curriculum: part II: postgraduates.

Background: Specialization in veterinary medicine in Europe is organized through the Colleges of the European Board of Veterinary Specialization. To inform updating of the curriculum for residents of the European College of Veterinary Neurology (ECVN) job analysis was used. Defining job competencies of diploma holders in veterinary neurology can be used as references for curriculum design of resident training.