A tailored passive driver for liver MRE in pediatric patients.

Objectives: Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is increasingly used in the pediatric population for diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis. However, the MR-compatible driver and sequences are usually those used for adult patients. Our feasibility study aimed to adapt the standardized adult MRE passive driver and vibrational parameters to a pediatric population.

Features of Nodules in Explants of Children Undergoing Liver Transplantation for Biliary Atresia.

(1) Background: In patients with biliary atresia (BA) liver nodules can be identified either by pre-transplant imaging or on the explant. This study aimed to (i) analyze the histopathology of liver nodules, and (ii) to correlate histopathology with pretransplant radiological features. (2) Methods: Retrospective analysis of liver nodules in explants of BA patients transplanted in our center (2000−2021).

Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging: normal values of spleen stiffness in healthy children.

Background: Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging is a noninvasive ultrasound elastography technique for evaluating tissue stiffness. The association of liver and spleen stiffness provides additional information in the assessment of portal hypertension. The technique and normal values of spleen stiffness by point shear wave elastography (p-SWE) in pediatrics have not been well documented.

Globus pallidus MR signal abnormalities in children with chronic liver disease and/or porto-systemic shunting.

Objectives: Detection of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy in children is difficult. We aimed to assess the changes in imaging of the central nervous system in children with chronic liver disease using MR imaging, diffusion, and H -spectroscopy.

Methods: Forty three children with chronic liver disease and/or porto-systemic shunting (111.

Whole-body MRI in children: Would a 3D STIR sequence alone be sufficient for investigating common paediatric conditions? A comparative study.

Objectives: To test the performance of a single 3D IR T2-Weighted sequence compared to a Whole-body MRI protocol including DWI, T1-Weighted and STIR 3D IR (3S) in a pediatric population.

Methods: Two radiologists (15 and 30 years of experience),reviewed WBMRIs: first the STIR alone and 2 weeks later the 3S protocol. The indications were variable.

Prenatal imaging of congenital hepatic tumors: a report of three cases.

The generalization of screening pregnancy ultrasound (US) studies has increased the detection of congenital tumors, including hepatic masses. In these cases, prenatal MRI is often used as a complementary imaging study. We present three cases of congenital hepatic tumors-two hemangiomas and one hamartoma-detected in utero and followed up in our institution.

Acoustic radiation force impulse sonography in assessing children with biliary atresia for liver transplantation.

Background: Children with biliary atresia are prone to developing progressive hepatic fibrosis and biliary cirrhosis following the Kasai operation. The only treatment is liver transplantation.

Objective: To assess liver fibrosis by acoustic radiation force impulse elastography (ARFI) in children who had Kasai operation, with the goal of identifying an ARFI value cut-off for children requiring liver transplantation.

Portal Vein Embolization Before Extended Hepatectomy in a Toddler With Mesenchymal Hamartoma.

Portal vein embolization is widely used to induce hypertrophy of the future liver remnant before extended hepatectomy, decreasing the risk of postoperative liver failure. However, this percutaneous procedure has not been previously reported in a young child. The present report describes the case of a 14-month-old patient with a large multifocal mesenchymal hamartoma of the entire right liver, successfully resected after induction of future liver remnant hypertrophy by portal vein embolization.

Concomitant septic arthritis and osteomyelitis of the hip in young children; a new pathophysiological hypothesis suggested by MRI enhancement pattern.

Background: In children, septic arthritis (SA) of the hip is either primary or concomitant with acute haematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO). However, seldom, patients with isolated SA at presentation, may later show osteomyelitis in the metaphysis. The aim of this study was to elaborate a physiopathological hypothesis based on the peculiar MRI findings to explain the onset of AHO after SA.

Contribution of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography to the ultrasound diagnosis of biliary atresia.

Background: Children with biliary atresia rapidly develop liver fibrosis secondary to inflammatory destruction of the biliary tract. Noninvasive detection of liver fibrosis in neonatal/infantile cholestasis is an additional criterion for the diagnosis of biliary atresia, leading to prompt surgical exploration.

Objective: To assess the value of US with acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography to detect biliary atresia in the workup of neonatal/infantile cholestasis.

Microstructural changes in thickened corpus callosum in children: contribution of magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging.

Background: Thickened corpus callosum is a rare finding and its pathophysiology is not well known. An anomalous supracallosal bundle has been depicted by fiber tracking in some cases but no diffusion tensor imaging metrics of thickened corpus callosum have been reported.

Objective: To use diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in cases of thickened corpus callosum to help in understanding its clinical significance.

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging: an essential tool for diagnosis and work up of non-oncological systemic diseases in children.

Aim: Whole-body MRI (WBMRI) is a non-irradiating imaging technique, suitable to investigate the extent of multisystemic diseases in pediatric patients. However its real impact on diagnosis and management of non-oncological pediatric diseases remains unclear. We present our experience of pediatric WBMRI in various pathologies.

Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography for the noninvasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis in children.

Background: Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging) is correlated with histopathological findings using METAVIR and semiquantitative scoring system (SSS) criteria for liver fibrosis.

Objective: To compare acoustic radiation force impulse imaging with biopsy results in the evaluation of liver fibrosis in children.

Materials And Methods: Children with chronic liver disease and healthy children underwent acoustic radiation force impulse imaging liver measurements.

Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging-normal values of liver stiffness in healthy children.

Background: Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) is a recent ultrasound technique to assess tissue stiffness.

Objective: Our aim was to describe the feasibility and to define normal ARFI values in liver in children.

Materials And Methods: ARFI values were measured in 103 children (ages 2 weeks to 17 years) divided into four age groups, at a minimum depth of 3 cm.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the lung: a rare cause of atelectasis in children.

Although rare, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is the most common primary lung mass in children. We report the case of an 11-year-old boy investigated for persistent cough and dyspnea with complete left lung atelectasis mimicking pneumonia. CT and MRI showed an endobronchial mass of the left main bronchus.

Sinus pericranii: a scalp mass in a 6-month-old boy.

'Sinus pericranii' is an abnormal communication between the extracranial veins and the dural venous sinuses (usually the superior sagittal and the transverse sinuses). It is a rare childhood abnormality. We report a case of a 6-month-old boy presenting with a scalp swelling in the left parietal region.

Look for the nerves! MR neurography adds essential diagnostic value to routine MRI in pediatric practice: a pictorial overview.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the feasibility of magnetic resonance (MR) neurography in children, and the potential roles of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and fiber-tracking (FT) techniques.

Methods: Five pediatric patients (age range: 6-12 years) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for various clinical indications: neurogenic bladder (case 1); persistent hand pain following minor trauma (case 2); progressive atrophy of the lower left extremity muscles (case 3); bilateral hip pain (case 4); and palpable left supraclavicular mass (case 5). All studies were performed using a 1.

Cure of multifocal panhepatic hepatoblastoma: is liver transplantation always necessary?

Purpose: Multifocal panhepatic hepatoblastoma (HB) without extrahepatic disease is generally considered as an indication for total hepatectomy and liver transplantation. However, after initial chemotherapy, downstaging of the tumor sometimes allows complete macroscopic resection by partial hepatectomy. This procedure is no longer recommended because of the risk of persistent viable tumor cells in the hepatic remnant.

[New developments in pediatric abdominal MRI].

Ultrasound is the first choice imaging modality in pediatric abdominal pathologies. In recent years, MRI is being increasingly used for complimentary information in the domain of GI and GU imaging as well as in biliary tract imaging. In the radiological workup of children, radiation issues as well as noninvasive techniques are important to consider in particular in young infants.

Diffusion-weighted imaging findings in Perthes disease with dynamic gadolinium-enhanced subtracted (DGS) MR correlation: a preliminary study.

Background: Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCP) is necrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis of vascular origin. Clinical course and outcome in LCP disease varies considerably between different patients. Earlier prognostic criteria than those offered by conventional radiography are necessary to identify children who require prompt surgical treatment.

Noninflammatory fallopian tube pathology in children.

Noninflammatory tubal abnormalities are rare in children and usually not well covered by traditional educational material. The presenting symptoms are nonspecific and are common to many other conditions, so its preoperative diagnosis is rarely made. The purpose of this study was to review the hospital charts and imaging findings in children and sexually inactive adolescents who showed fallopian tube pathology.

Correlation of lung abnormalities on high-resolution CT with clinical graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic versus autologous bone marrow transplantation in children.

Background: Late-onset noninfectious pulmonary complications (LONIPCs) are life-threatening complications of bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Several pathological patterns are described in the literature with different prognoses, and with different relationships to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The role of high-resolution CT (HRCT) is not yet well established.

Bilateral hydrosalpinx in adolescent girls with Hirschsprung's disease: association of two rare conditions.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to illustrate three cases of bilateral hydrosalpinx in postpubertal girls operated on for Hirschsprung's disease and to discuss the possible cause: iatrogenic or congenital. We identified bilateral hydrosalpinx in three postpubertal sexually inactive girls with Hirschsprung's disease treated, respectively by Duhamel, Soave pull-through, and Martin procedures. No history of surgical complications or pelvic inflammation had been reported.

Focal ischemic necrosis in advanced biliary atresia cirrhosis.

This report correlates the clinical and biological findings, liver hemodynamics and histological features of focal INL in an infant with BA cirrhosis. An eight month old boy with BA, with previous successful porto-enterostomy, was admitted with signs of cholangitis and ascites. He was treated with antibiotics and diuretics with subsequent clinical improvement.