Publications by authors named "Anoop Mohamed Iqbal"

Article Synopsis
  • - Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is now the leading cause of chronic liver disease in children and adolescents worldwide.
  • - While liver biopsy is the traditional method for diagnosis, new noninvasive techniques like velocity controlled transient elastography are being used to assess liver fibrosis.
  • - Although research on genetic treatment options is still in progress, lifestyle modifications and weight loss remain the primary approaches to managing MAFLD in pediatric patients.
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Physicians involved in treating spine fractures secondary to osteopenia and osteoporosis should know the pathogenesis and current guidelines on managing the underlying diminished bone mineral density, as worldwide fracture prevention campaigns are trailing behind in meeting their goals. This is a narrative review exploring the various imaging and laboratory tests used to diagnose osteoporotic fractures and a comprehensive compilation of contemporary medical and surgical management. We have incorporated salient recommendations from the Endocrine Society, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE), and the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).

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Glucagon-like peptide- 1 receptor analogs (GLP-1RAs) are incretin mimetics with potent glucose-dependent insulinotropic action that translates to glycemic control in people with type- -2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These agents potentially have the ability to stimulate proliferation or prevent apoptosis of pancreatic β-cells, induce weight-loss and provide vascular benefits in patients with T2DM. Newer GLP-1RA, semaglutide has shown a robust reduction in HbA1c up to 1.

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Objective: To describe a case of Graves disease (GD) and coexistent pancytopenia associated with autoimmune vitamin B deficiency. While thyrotoxicosis and antithyroid drugs can cause pancytopenia, other autoimmune conditions such as vitamin B deficiency can occur, leading to severe anemia and pancytopenia.

Methods: A 19-year-old female with GD treated with methimazole presented with thyrotoxicosis and evidence of pancytopenia.

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Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) have been associated with a greater prevalence of risky behaviors and chronic health conditions, such as diabetes in adulthood. While adolescents with risk taking behaviors experience worsening of diabetic metabolic control, it is yet to be determined whether glycemic management in children and adolescents is negatively and independently influenced by ACEs. This study examines the relationship between ACEs in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and glycemic control, BMI and lipids.

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Background Severe obesity is associated with a number of cardiometabolic risk factors. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels are often slightly increased in children with obesity. The clinical significance of the mild elevation in TSH in children with obesity is unclear.

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Article Synopsis
  • - Heart Rhythm Society guidelines recommend thyroid function tests (TFTs) for adults on amiodarone, but there are no clear recommendations for pediatric patients, despite untreated hypothyroidism posing risks to young children's development.
  • - A study analyzed 527 pediatric patients on amiodarone from 1997 to 2017, finding that about 50% showed elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, with the highest levels observed in neonates.
  • - The findings indicate that younger children, particularly neonates, experience more thyroid dysfunction when treated with amiodarone, highlighting the need for improved monitoring guidelines specifically for pediatric patients.
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Rationale, Aims, And Objectives: Waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) are superior surrogate markers of central obesity than body mass index. However, WC is not measured routinely in paediatric clinics. The objective of this study was to implement measurement of WC during routine assessment of children in an ambulatory outpatient clinic setting and subsequent dissemination of cardiometabolic risk counselling in children with central obesity (defined as WHtR ≥0.

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Background: Females with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and atypical genitalia often undergo complex surgeries; however, their outcomes remain largely uncertain.

Methods: We searched several databases through 8 March 2016 for studies evaluating genital reconstructive surgery in females with CAH. Reviewers working independently and in duplicate selected and appraised the studies.

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Background: Individuals with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) require glucocorticoid therapy to replace cortisol and to control androgen excess. We sought to evaluate the effects of glucocorticoid therapy on cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes in individuals with CAH.

Methods: We searched bibliographical databases through January 2016 for studies evaluating cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with CAH treated with glucocorticoids compared with controls without CAH.

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Background: There is a lack of consensus on the cardiometabolic consequences of mild subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) among children. The objective of the current study was to compare lipid profiles in children with mild SCH with those of euthyroid children.

Study Design: Retrospective medical record review.

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Severe obesity is associated with abnormal lipids and increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Obesity is a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency. We examined relationship between 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and lipids in children with severe obesity.

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Background: Immature ovarian teratoma is very rare in childhood. We report on a 12-year-old girl with immature ovarian teratoma who presented initially with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone.

Case: A 12-year-old girl presented with acute abdomen and distention.

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