Reduced substantia innominata volume mediates contributions of microvascular and macrovascular disease to cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease.

The relationships between cholinergic system damage and cerebrovascular disease are not entirely understood. Here, we investigate associations between atrophy of the substantia innominata (SI; the origin of cortical cholinergic projections) and measures of large and small vessel disease; specifically, elongation of the juxtaposed internal carotid artery termination and Cholinergic Pathways Hyperintensity scores (CHIPS). The study (n = 105) consisted of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and/or subcortical ischemic vasculopathy, and elderly controls.

Trail Making Test Elucidates Neural Substrates of Specific Poststroke Executive Dysfunctions.

Background And Purpose: Poststroke cognitive impairment is typified by prominent deficits in processing speed and executive function. However, the underlying neuroanatomical substrates of executive deficits are not well understood, and further elucidation is needed. There may be utility in fractionating executive functions to delineate neural substrates.

Gray matter blood flow and volume are reduced in association with white matter hyperintensity lesion burden: a cross-sectional MRI study.

Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensities (WMH) are associated with vascular risk factors and age-related cognitive decline. WMH have primarily been associated with global white matter and gray matter (GM) changes and less is known about regional effects in GM. The purpose of this study was to test for an association between WMH and two GM imaging measures: cerebral blood flow (CBF) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM).

Modulation of the default-mode network between rest and task in Alzheimer's Disease.

Default-mode network (DMN) connectivity at rest is disrupted in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), but it is unknown whether this abnormality is a static feature, or if it varies across cognitive states. We measured DMN integrity in 16 patients with mild AD and 18 controls during resting state and a simple visual task. Patients showed resting-state deficits in the parahippocampal gyrus and posterior cingulate.