Variation in Clinical Presentation, Metabolic Profile, Hormonal Parameters and Inflammatory Markers in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Morphology Appearance.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder with a spectrum of presentation. Studies have reported considerably different rates in terms of the incidence of polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) in patients with PCOS with inconsistent results regarding the effects of PCOM in them.

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the differences in clinical presentation, metabolic profile, hormonal parameters and inflammatory markers in PCOS women with and without PCOM on ultrasonography (USG).

Utility of Epicardial Fat Thickness in Subclinical Hypothyroid Children to Determine Existence of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Them.

Context: Adult studies have shown the association of subclinical hypothyroid (SCH) with various cardiovascular dysfunction, which indicates SCH may be a potentially modifiable risk factor of CV disease and mortality. However, there is still controversy about the association of cardiovascular dysfunction in children with SCH. Epicardial fat thickness (EFT) is a reliable and sensitive marker of cardiovascular risk and has become an emerging modality to predict CV risks.

Correlation of Markers of Inflammation with Hormonal, Metabolic Parameters, Insulin Resistance and Adiposity Indices in First-Degree Relatives of Patient with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. Low-grade inflammation has been linked to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is evidence of clustering for metabolic syndrome, hypertension, dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance (IR) in mothers, fathers, sisters and brothers of women with PCOS.

Accuracy of various tests alone and in combination to differentiate IHH from CDGP.

Context: Constitutional delay in growth and puberty (CDGP) is a normal physiological variant of delayed puberty in both sexes and is the most common cause of delayed puberty. Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is due to deficiency in or insensitivity to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) with normal structure and function of the anterior pituitary after exclusion of secondary causes of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. To differentiate CDGP from IHH is crucial because it not only helps in decision making in management but also lessen anxiety of the parents.

Prevalence of Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Correlation with Metabolic Parameters: The Double Trouble.

Objective: The phenotype of type 1 diabetes mellitus has changed over the last few decades. Little attention has been paid to the presence of insulin resistance in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The appearance of insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients has been labeled as "double diabetes.

Relationship of Vitamin D Status with Thyroid Autoimmunity in New Onset Autoimmune Hypothyroidism.

Background: Study of serum vitamin D level in new onset hypothyroid patients and its correlation with thyroid related parameters and antibody titers.

Objectives: We aimed to compare serum vitamin D level in new onset hypothyroid patients versus controls. Furthermore we evaluated for any association of vitamin D status with hypothyroid state and its correlation with various thyroid related parameters.

Rapid Differential Diagnosis of Thyrotoxicosis Using T3/T4 Ratio, FT3/FT4 Ratio and Color Doppler of Thyroid Gland.

Context: Establishing the etiology of thyrotoxicosis is of utmost importance to plan the appropriate line of therapy. However, certain scenarios such as absence of pathognomonic clinical features of Graves' disease in some patients, or non-availability of radionuclide scanning and newer generation TRAb assays especially in resource-poor settings, necessitates utilization of other, simple and effective measures to differentiate between the two common causes of thyrotoxicosis, Graves' disease (GD) and Destructive thyroiditis (DT).

Aims: The aim of this work was to study the role of FT3/FT4 ratio, T3/T4 ratio and color flow Doppler ultrasound in treatment-naïve patients with thyrotoxicosis, in comparison to Tc-99m pertechnetate thyroid scanning in the differentiation of thyrotoxicosis due to GD and DT.

A RARE CASE OF ACROMEGALY AND AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE: CASE REPORT AND BRIEF REVIEW OF LITERATURE.

Objective: Acromegaly is a classic endocrine disorder caused by a growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenoma in an overwhelming majority of patients. The diagnosis may be delayed by several years due to the slow growing and insidious nature of the disease. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an inherited disorder characterized by multiple renal cysts and various other systemic manifestations.

Study of Visceral and Subcutaneous Abdominal Fat Thickness and Its Correlation with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Hormonal Parameters in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Aim Of The Study: This study aimed to compare the different adiposity parameters, namely visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) between patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and controls. In addition, it aimed to correlate these adiposity indices with hormonal parameters as well as cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in patients with PCOS.

Materials And Methods: Newly diagnosed PCOS patients of reproductive age group according to Rotterdam criteria were included.

Effect of parental history of diabetes on markers of inflammation, insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in first degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aim And Objective: To study the effect of parental history of diabetes on markers of inflammation, insulin resistance, adiposity indices and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) in first degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials And Methods: Normal glucose tolerant (NGT) first degree relatives of T2DM patients of age group 20-40 years designated as FH were enrolled in the cross sectional study. Depending on the parental history of diabetes they were divided into three groups: family history positive in father (FH), family history positive in mother (FH) and family history positive in both (FH).

Spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome. A rare case of short stature and congenital scoliosis.

Spondylocarpotarsal synostosis is a very rare skeletal disorder characterized by vertebral malsegmentation defects. Apart from severe vertebral defects, the disease is associated with carpal and tarsal synostosis which is quite characteristic for the disease. We report a case of young child who presented with short stature and congenital scoliosis.

Neurological manifestations of Graves' disease: A case report and review of the literature.

Graves' disease (GD) is characterized by a hyperfunctioning thyroid gland due to stimulation of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor by autoantibodies directed against it. Apart from thyrotoxicosis, other clinical manifestations include ophthalmopathy, dermopathy, and rarely acropachy. GD is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder, and hence is associated with various other autoimmune disorders.

Endocrine alterations in HIV-infected patients.

Aims And Objectives: To study the frequency of thyroid, adrenal and gonadal dysfunction in newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients and to correlate them at different levels of CD4 cell counts.

Materials And Methods: Forty-three HIV-positive cases were included in the study group. Cases were divided into three groups on the basis of CD4 cell count.

Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy: an autosomal recessive disorder with rare association of duodenocolonic polyps.

Berardinelli-Seip congenital lipodystrophy (BSCL) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a nearly complete absence of adipose tissue and generalized muscular appearance. This condition is associated with various dermatological and systemic manifestations. We report a 5-year-old boy, with clinical and metabolic presentation resembling BSCL and unusual features, such as diabetes detected at an early age and multiple duodenal and colonic polyps.

All males do not have 46 xy karyotype: A rare case report.

The sex of an embryo is determined by genetic sex due to presence or absence of Y chromosome, but it may not be true in all. We hereby report an interesting case of a phenotypic male carrying a female karyotype (46 XX). A 26-year-old male presented with bilateral gynecomastia, poor development of secondary sexual characters and azospermia.

Pigmentation in vitamin B12 deficiency masquerading Addison's pigmentation: A rare presentation.

A 35-year-female presented with generalized weakness, weight loss, and progressive pigmentation was worked up for suspicion of Addisons disease. On examination hyper pigmentation was noted on both palmar and dorsal aspect of hands involving knuckles, creases, feet, tongue, oral mucosa and gluteal region. There was no evidence of hypocortisolemia as initially suspected, and literature search revealed a possibility of vitamin B12 deficiency.