Neutrophil S100A9 supports M2 macrophage niche formation in granulomas.

Mycobacterium infection gives rise to granulomas predominantly composed of inflammatory M1-like macrophages, with bacteria-permissive M2 macrophages also detected in deep granulomas. Our histological analysis of bacillus Calmette-Guerin-elicited granulomas in guinea pigs revealed that S100A9-expressing neutrophils bordered a unique M2 niche within the inner circle of concentrically multilayered granulomas. We evaluated the effect of S100A9 on macrophage M2 polarization based on guinea pig studies.

Probing the temperature of supported platinum nanoparticles under microwave irradiation by in situ and operando XAFS.

Microwave irradiation can cause high local temperatures at supported metal nanoparticles, which can enhance reaction rates. Here we discuss the temperature of platinum nanoparticles on γ-AlO and SiO supports under microwave irradiation using the Debye-Waller factor obtained from in situ extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements. Microwave irradiation exhibits considerably smaller Deby-Waller factors than conventional heating, indicating the high local temperature at the nanoparticles.

Evaluation of Yield and Surface Tension-lowering Activity of Iturin A Produced by Bacillus subtilis RB14.

Bacillus subtilis RB14 produces the lipopeptide antibiotic iturin A by submerged and biofilm fermentation. In this study, we optimized the conditions for iturin A production in a jar fermentor. The maximum yield of iturin A was 932 mg L after 120 h.

Components of rice husk biochar in promoting the growth, sporulation and iturin A production of Bacillus sp. strain IA.

In a previously study, the Bacillus sp. strain IA was successfully isolated with high sensitivity to rice husk biochar (RHB). Moreover, RHB promoted an antibiotic iturin A production by strain IA.

Promotion of lipopeptide antibiotic production by sp. IA in the presence of rice husk biochar.

The purpose of this study is to isolate the beneficial microorganisms whose growth is promoted in the presence of charcoal materials. We successfully isolated strain IA, whose growth is promoted on an agar plate with charcoal materials, and identified it as a novel strain of the sp. The growth of strain IA in the liquid medium was promoted by the addition of both activated charcoal (AC) and rice husk biochar (RHB).

Co-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Unactivated Olefins.

A mild, general, scalable, and functional group tolerant intramolecular hydroarylation of unactivated olefins using a Co(salen) complex, a N-fluoropyridinium salt, and a disiloxane reagent was reported. This method, which was carried out at room temperature, afforded six-membered benzocyclic compounds from mono-, 1,1- or trans-1,2-di, and trisubstituted olefins.

In situ temperature measurements of reaction spaces under microwave irradiation using photoluminescent probes.

We demonstrate two novel methods for the measurement of the temperatures of reaction spaces locally heated by microwaves, which have been applied here to two example systems, i.e., BaTiO3 particles covered with a SiO2 shell (BaTiO3-SiO2) and layered tungstate particles.

Improvement of production of lipopeptide antibiotic iturin A using fish protein.

To enhance the production of lipopeptide antibiotic iturin A, nutrient contents of the culture mediums were investigated in both submerged and biofilm fermentations. As a carbon source maltose and as nitrogen source, fish protein was used. In submerged fermentation maltose uptake was found lower (12%) compared to biofilm fermentation (15%) that was associated with higher cellular growth in biofilm.

Isolation of antifungal bacteria from Japanese fermented soybeans, natto.

An inhibitory effect of a traditional Japanese fermented food, natto, was found against plant pathogens such as Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum, and the bacteria which showed inhibition were isolated from the natto. Among isolated bacteria, BC-1 and GAc exhibited a strong antagonistic effect in vitro against plant pathogens on an agar medium. The supernatant of bacterial culture also showed strong activity against R.

Screening of endophytic bacteria against fungal plant pathogens.

Bacterial endophytes were found from 6 plant leaves among 35 plant leaves screened. Two of the isolated bacteria showed antagonistic activity against fungal plant pathogens. An isolate named KL1 showed the clear inihibition against plant pathogens, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani, on PDA as well as TSA plate.

Production of surfactin using pentose carbohydrate by Bacillus subtilis.

Interest in microbial surfactants has been steadily increasing in recent years due to their diversity, mass production possibility, selectivity, performance under extreme conditions and potential applications in environmental protection. In this study two pentose sugars (xylose and arabinose) were investigated for the submerged fermentation (SmF) of Bacillus subtilis in surfactant production medium for bio-surfactant surfactin production. An excellent vegetative growth of B.

In vitro communities derived from oral and gut microbial floras inhibit the growth of bacteria of foreign origins.

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is home to trillions of microbes. Within the same GI tract, substantial differences in the bacterial species that inhabit the oral cavity and intestinal tract have been noted. While the influence of host environments and nutritional availability in shaping different microbial communities is widely accepted, we hypothesize that the existing microbial flora also plays a role in selecting the bacterial species that are being integrated into the community.

Production characteristics of lipopeptide antibiotics in biofilm fermentation of Bacillus subtilis.

In biofilm fermentation, from the very early moments, surfactin was produced along with the biofilm development in the lipopeptide antibiotic production medium by using Bacillus subtilis. However, almost no iturin A was produced in its first 24 hours of cultivation and the production of iturin A began much later. Volumes of the nutrient medium and available surface area of the biofilm reactors were found to be important with the relative production of these two antibiotics.

Application of malt residue in submerged fermentation of Bacillus subtilis.

Malt residue is a common waste or byproduct from beer industries after brewing and milling of malted barley. In this work, Bacillus subtilis RB14 was used to study the microbial growth and production of secondary metabolites like lipopeptide antibiotic iturin A in the malt residue for its effective recycling. B.

Production of iturin A homologues under different culture conditions.

Iturin A is a cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic and eight different kinds of iturin A have been reported based on its alkyl side chains. As iturin A is a promising biocontrol agent, total production of iturin A was tried to enhance and comparative production of its homologues was investigated by using different nitrogen and carbon sources. When Polypepton S and defatted soybean meal were used, total production as well as the ratio of the iturin A homologues were similar.

Biofilm formation and lipopeptide antibiotic iturin A production in different peptone media.

Biofilm fermentation is a newly developed promising technique in fermentation technology. In this study no.3 and no.

Solid state fermentation of lipopeptide antibiotic iturin A by using a novel solid state fermentation reactor system.

A new solid state fermentation reactor (SSFR) for solid substrate was used for the production of lipopeptide antibiotic iturin A using Bacillus subtilis RB14-CS. Solid state fermentation (SSF) is the technique of cultivation of microorganisms on solid and moist substrates in the absence of free water. SSF has shown much promise in the development of several bioprocesses and products because of their several advantages like absence of free water that allows simplified downstream processing and low cost.

Late fatal recurrence in gefitinib-treated NSCLC patients.

Gefitinib is a selective epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which blocks signal transduction pathways implicated in proliferation and survival of cancer cells. Long-term survival in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) treated with gefitinib has recently been reported. We showed herein two cases of fatal rapid recurrence after a long-term disease control by gefitinib.

Biofilm fermentation of iturin A by a recombinant strain of Bacillus subtilis 168.

Bacillus subtilis 168 produces thin and fragile biofilm in the static culture, however, it was found out that its transformant B. subtilis RM/iSd16 containing wild sfp, itu operon and degQ, which produced lipopeptide antibiotic iturin A, produced thick and much stable biofilm. Production of iturin A by RM/iSd16 in biofilm was almost two times higher compared to that in the submerged culture at 28 degrees C.

Second stage production of iturin A by induced germination of Bacillus subtilis RB14.

Bacillus subtilis RB14, a dual producer of lipopeptide antibiotics iturin A and surfactin undergoes sporulation in the submerged fermentation and the production of these secondary metabolites becomes halted. In this study, production of lipopeptide antibiotics was investigated by induced germination of the spores by heat-activation and nutrient supplementation. The induced spores became metabolically active vegetative state and produced lipopeptide antibiotic iturin A that added up the total production at the end of the fermentation.

Horizontal transfer of iturin A operon, itu, to Bacillus subtilis 168 and conversion into an iturin A producer.

Iturin A and its derivatives are lipopeptide antibiotics produced by Bacillus subtilis and several closely related bacteria. Three iturin group operons (i.e.

Change in broth culture is associated with significant suppression of Escherichia coli death under high magnetic field.

When Escherichia coli B was cultivated under an inhomogeneous magnetic field of 5.2-6.1 T, a significant 100,000-fold suppression of cell death was observed [Bioelectrochemistry 53 (2001) 149].

Twelve hours exposure to inhomogeneous high magnetic field after logarithmic growth phase is sufficient for drastic suppression of Escherichia coli death.

When Escherichia coli B was aerobically grown at 43 degrees C in a medium whose concentration was one-fourth that of the Luria-Bertani (LB) medium supplemented with 1.5 g/l of glutamic acid, drastic cell death was observed after the end of the logarithmic growth phase. However, when the same experiment was conducted under inhomogeneous 5.

Disappearance of growth advantage in stationary phase (GASP) phenomenon under a high magnetic field.

The phenomenon called growth advantage in stationary phase (GASP) originally discovered by Kolter et al. was confirmed using two bacterial strains, Escherichia coli ZK126Nalr and ZK126Smr, under the geomagnetic field. However, when the same experiment was conducted in an inhomogeneous high magnetic field of 5.