17-β-estradiol enhances neutrophil extracellular trap formation by interaction with estrogen membrane receptor.

Cell death-associated neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis) occurs during various autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, as well as during gestation. Although increasing estrogen concentrations associated with pregnancy might induce NETosis via nuclear estrogen receptor (ERα/ERβ), little is known about the mechanisms associated with estrogen-induced NETosis. Here, we investigated the effects of estrogen (17-β-estradiol; E2) on NETosis, focusing on mechanisms associated with estrogen membrane receptor (GPR30) in neutrophil-like HL-60 cells.