Effects of estradiol- and ethinylestradiol-based contraceptives on adrenal steroids: A randomized trial.

Objectives: Ethinylestradiol (EE)-based combined oral contraceptives (COC) affect adrenal function by altering steroid and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) synthesis that may contribute to adverse effects related to these drugs. The effects of COCs containing natural estrogens remain unclear. We compared the effects of COCs containing estradiol valerate (EV) and EE on cortisol and other adrenal steroid hormones.

Combined oral contraceptives containing estradiol valerate vs ethinylestradiol on coagulation: A randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: Contraceptives containing ethinylestradiol (EE) induce changes in the coagulation system and are associated with a risk of venous thromboembolism. However, studies comparing the effects of combined oral contraceptives containing EE and low-potency estrogens (ie, estradiol [E ] and estradiol valerate [EV]) on coagulation biomarkers are limited. This study represents secondary outcomes of a randomized trial comparing combined oral contraceptives containing EV + dienogest (DNG), EE + DNG, and DNG alone on selected coagulation biomarkers.

Estradiol Valerate vs Ethinylestradiol in Combined Oral Contraceptives: Effects on the Pituitary-Ovarian Axis.

Context: Limited studies have compared the effects of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) containing natural estrogens and synthetic ethinylestradiol (EE) on reproductive hormones.

Objective: To compare estradiol valerate (EV) + dienogest (DNG), EE + DNG, and DNG alone (active control) on levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), ovarian steroids, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and the free androgen index (FAI).

Methods: This spin-off study from a randomized trial enrolled 59 healthy, 18 to 35-year-old ovulatory women, outpatients at Helsinki and Oulu University Hospitals, Finland, who were randomized to EV 2 mg + DNG 2-3 mg (n = 20); EE 0.

Current use of combined hormonal contraception is associated with glucose metabolism disorders in perimenopausal women.

Objective: The use of combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) worsens glucose tolerance, but the risk for glucose metabolism disorders remains controversial.

Design: The study is a prospective longitudinal population-based cohort study.

Methods: The study was based on a cohort population that comprised 1879 women born in 1966.

Ethinyl estradiol vs estradiol valerate in combined oral contraceptives - Effect on glucose tolerance: A randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Objective: To compare the effects of two formulations of combined oral contraceptives (COCs), estradiol valerate (EV) and ethinyl estradiol (EE) combined with dienogest (DNG), and DNG-only, on glucose tolerance.

Study Design: We performed a randomized, controlled 9-week clinical trial. Inclusion criteria were: age 18-35 years, regular menstrual cycle (28 ± 7 days), no polycystic ovaries, non-smoking, no contraindications for COC use and a 2-month wash-out from hormonal contraceptive use.

Estradiol Valerate in COC Has More Favorable Inflammatory Profile Than Synthetic Ethinyl Estradiol: A Randomized Trial.

Context: Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) alter inflammatory status and lipid metabolism. Whether different estrogens have different effects is poorly understood.

Objective: We compared the effects of COCs containing ethinyl estradiol (EE) or estradiol valerate (EV) and dienogest (DNG) with those containing DNG only on inflammation and lipid metabolism.

Medical treatment of second-trimester fetal miscarriage; A retrospective analysis.

Objectives: Research on the treatment of second-trimester miscarriages is scarce. We studied the outcomes, and the factors associated with adverse events and need for hospital resources in the medical treatment of second-trimester miscarriage.

Materials And Methods: In these retrospective analyses we studied women treated for spontaneous fetal miscarriage with misoprostol-only (n = 24) or mifepristone and misoprostol (n = 177) in duration of gestation 12+1-21+6.