Effect of Electrode Distance and Size on Electrocorticographic Recordings in Human Sensorimotor Cortex.

Subdural electrocorticography (ECoG) is a valuable technique for neuroscientific research and for emerging neurotechnological clinical applications. As ECoG grids accommodate increasing numbers of electrodes and higher densities with new manufacturing methods, the question arises at what point the benefit of higher density ECoG is outweighed by spatial oversampling. To clarify the optimal spacing between ECoG electrodes, in the current study we evaluate how ECoG grid density relates to the amount of non-shared neurophysiological information between electrode pairs, focusing on the sensorimotor cortex.

Lateralized modulation of cortical beta power during human gait is related to arm swing.

Human gait is a complex behavior requiring dynamic control of upper and lower extremities that is accompanied by cortical activity in multiple brain areas. We investigated the contribution of beta (15-30 Hz) and gamma (30-50 Hz) band electroencephalography (EEG) activity during specific phases of the gait cycle, comparing treadmill walking with and without arm swing. Modulations of spectral power in the beta band during early double support and swing phases source-localized to the sensorimotor cortex ipsilateral, but not contralateral, to the leading leg.

Exploring harmonic walking development in children with unilateral cerebral palsy and typically developing toddlers: Insights from walking experience.

This longitudinal study investigated the impact of the first independent steps on harmonic gait development in unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) and typically developing (TD) children. We analysed the gait ratio values (GR) by comparing the duration of stride/stance, stance/swing and swing/double support phases. Our investigation focused on identifying a potential trend towards the golden ratio value of 1.

Early Development of Locomotor Patterns and Motor Control in Very Young Children at High Risk of Cerebral Palsy, a Longitudinal Case Series.

The first years of life might be critical for encouraging independent walking in children with cerebral palsy (CP). We sought to identify mechanisms that may underlie the impaired development of walking in three young children with early brain lesions, at high risk of CP, via comprehensive instrumented longitudinal assessments of locomotor patterns and muscle activation during walking. We followed three children (P1-P3) with early brain lesions, at high risk of CP, during five consecutive gait analysis sessions covering a period of 1 to 2 years, starting before the onset of independent walking, and including the session during the first independent steps.

Neuromuscular Control before and after Independent Walking Onset in Children with Cerebral Palsy.

Early brain lesions which produce cerebral palsy (CP) may affect the development of walking. It is unclear whether or how neuromuscular control, as evaluated by muscle synergy analysis, differs in young children with CP compared to typically developing (TD) children with the same walking ability, before and after the onset of independent walking. Here we grouped twenty children with (high risk of) CP and twenty TD children (age 6.

Muscle Synergies and Coherence Networks Reflect Different Modes of Coordination During Walking.

When walking speed is increased, the frequency ratio between the arm and leg swing switches spontaneously from 2:1 to 1:1. We examined whether these switches are accompanied by changes in functional connectivity between multiple muscles. Subjects walked on a treadmill with their arms swinging along their body while kinematics and surface electromyography (EMG) of 26 bilateral muscles across the body were recorded.

Muscle Synergies During Walking in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review.

Walking problems in children with cerebral palsy (CP) can in part be explained by limited selective motor control. Muscle synergy analysis is increasingly used to quantify altered neuromuscular control during walking. The early brain injury in children with CP may lead to a different development of muscle synergies compared to typically developing (TD) children, which might characterize the abnormal walking patterns.

The Beat to Read: A Cross-Lingual Link between Rhythmic Regularity Perception and Reading Skill.

This work assesses one specific aspect of the relationship between auditory rhythm cognition and language skill: regularity perception. In a group of 26 adult participants, native speakers of 11 different native languages, we demonstrate a strong and significant correlation between the ability to detect a "roughly" regular beat and rapid automatized naming (RAN) as a measure of language skill (Spearman's rho, -0.47, p < 0.