Estrogen receptors in the inner ear during different stages of pregnancy and development in the rat.

Conclusion: ERalpha and ERbeta are present in the inner ear and are up- and down-regulated depending on the stage of maturation, development and pregnancy, suggesting that estrogen may have an effect on the cochlea during various stages of life. No estrogen receptors (ERs) were found in the cochlea of the developing fetus, which suggests that estrogen does not have an effect on the cochlea during gestation.

Objective: To investigate the distribution of ERs in the cochlea during pregnancy, maturation and development in a female rat model.

Inner ear pathology and loss of hearing in estrogen receptor-beta deficient mice.

There are well known differences between males and females in hearing. In the present study, the role of estrogen receptor-beta (ER-beta; listed as ESR2 in the MGI Database) in hearing was investigated by comparing hearing and morphology of the inner ear in ER-beta knock-out mice (ER-beta(-/-)) with that of wild-type (WT) littermates. Hearing was analyzed with auditory brainstem response audiometry at 3 and 12 months.

Absence of autoantibodies connected to autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I and II and Addison's disease in girls and women with Turner syndrome.

Background: A disturbance in the immune system has been described in Turner syndrome (45,X), with an association to low levels of IgG and IgM and decreased levels of T- and B-lymphocytes. Also different autoimmune diseases have been connected to Turner syndrome (45,X), thyroiditis being the most common. Other autoimmune diseases seen are inflammatory bowel disease, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, Addison's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, myasthenia gravis, vitiligo, alopecia, pernicious anaemia and hypoparathyroidism, but the association to Turner syndrome is not definite.

Immunological parameters in girls with Turner syndrome.

Disturbances in the immune system has been described in Turner syndrome, with an association to low levels of IgG and IgM and decreased levels of T- and B-lymphocytes. Also different autoimmune diseases have been connected to Turner syndrome (45, X), thyroiditis being the most common. Besides the typical features of Turner syndrome (short stature, failure to enter puberty spontaneously and infertility due to ovarian insufficiency) ear problems are common (recurrent otitis media and progressive sensorineural hearing disorder).

[13 cases of cervical necrotizing fasciitis--all patients survived. Surgery, antibiotics and hyperbaric oxygenation give the best results].

Cervical necrotizing fasciitis is a serious, rapidly progressive infection along fascia planes that sometimes involves skin, subcutaneous tissue and muscle (myositis). The condition, often of dental or pharyngeal origin, is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Thirteen consecutive cases of cervical necrotizing fasciitis treated with hyperbaric oxygen at the Karolinska Hospital during the period 1997-2003 were reviewed.