Parents tend to underestimate cognitive deficits in 10- to 13-year-olds born with an extremely low birth weight.

Aim: This study determined the cognitive outcomes of Finnish children born with an extremely low birth weight (ELBW) and assessed the agreement between their neuropsychological assessment and how their parents evaluated their cognitive difficulties.

Methods: The study focused on 121 children from an ELBW cohort with a mean age of 11.6 years (range 10.