Sex/Gender Disparities in Preemptive Referrals for Kidney Transplantation.

Introduction: Sex/gender inequities persist in access to kidney transplantation. Whether differences in preemptive referral (i.e.

A wound-induced differentiation trajectory for neurons.

Animals capable of whole-body regeneration can replace any missing cell type and regenerate fully functional new organs, including new brains, de novo. The regeneration of a new brain requires the formation of diverse neural cell types and their assembly into an organized structure with correctly wired circuits. Recent work in various regenerative animals has revealed transcriptional programs required for the differentiation of distinct neural subpopulations, however, how these transcriptional programs are initiated in response to injury remains unknown.

Financial Toxicity in Relation to Childbirth.

Objective: To measure change in financial toxicity from pregnancy to the postpartum period and to identify factors associated with this change.

Design: Longitudinal survey.

Setting: Obstetric clinics at an academic medical center in Massachusetts between May 2020 and May 2022.

Training in the implementation of sex and gender research policies: an evaluation of publicly available online courses.

Background: Recently implemented research policies requiring the inclusion of females and males have created an urgent need for effective training in how to account for sex, and in some cases gender, in biomedical studies.

Methods: Here, we evaluated three sets of publicly available online training materials on this topic: (1) Integrating Sex & Gender in Health Research from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR); (2) Sex as a Biological Variable: A Primer from the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH); and (3) The Sex and Gender Dimension in Biomedical Research, developed as part of "Leading Innovative measures to reach gender Balance in Research Activities" (LIBRA) from the European Commission. We reviewed each course with respect to their coverage of (1) What is required by the policy; (2) Rationale for the policy; (3) Handling of the concepts "sex" and "gender;" (4) Research design and analysis; and (5) Interpreting and reporting data.

Intersectional race and gender disparities in kidney transplant access in the United States: a scoping review.

Background: Gender and racial disparities in kidney transplant access are well established, however how gender and race interact to shape access to kidney transplant is less clear. Therefore, we examined existing literature to assess what is known about the potential interaction of gender and race and the impact on access to kidney transplantation in the US.

Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a scoping review and included quantitative and qualitative studies published in English between 1990 and May 31, 2023 among adult end-stage kidney disease patients in the US.

Feasibility and acceptability of an HPV self-testing strategy: lessons from a research context to assess for ability to implement into primary care at a national level in Botswana.

Background: The WHO strategy for cervical cancer elimination strives to achieve 70% coverage with high-performance cervical screening. While few low- and middle-income countries have achieved this, high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) self-testing creates the possibility to rapidly upscale access to high-performance cervical screening across resource settings. However, effective hrHPV screening requires linkage to follow-up, which has been variable in prior studies.

Sex/Gender-Based Disparities in Early Transplant Access by Attributed Cause of Kidney Disease-Evidence from a Multiregional Cohort in the Southeast United States.

Introduction: We examined sex/gender disparities across the continuum of transplant care by attributed cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).

Methods: All adults (18-79 years;  = 43,548) with new-onset ESKD in Georgia, North Carolina, or South Carolina between 2015 and 2019 were identified from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS). Individuals were linked to the Early Steps to Transplant Access Registry (E-STAR) to obtain data on referral and evaluation.

A Gender Hypothesis of sex disparities in adverse drug events.

Pharmacovigilance databases contain larger numbers of adverse drug events (ADEs) that occurred in women compared to men. The cause of this disparity is frequently attributed to sex-linked biological factors. We offer an alternative Gender Hypothesis, positing that gendered social factors are central to the production of aggregate sex disparities in ADE reports.

Triage of HPV positivity in a high HIV prevalence setting: A prospective cohort study comparing visual triage methods and HPV genotype restriction in Botswana.

Objective: Guidelines for effective triage following positive primary high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) screening in low- and middle-income countries with high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-prevalence have not previously been established. In the present study, we evaluated the performance of three triage methods for positive HPV results in women living with HIV (WLHIV) and without HIV in Botswana.

Methods: We conducted baseline enrollment of a prospective cohort study from February 2021 to August 2022 in South-East District, Botswana.

Factors associated with increased financial toxicity after the completion of radiation treatment for gynecologic cancer.

Purpose: We evaluated financial toxicity (FT) in patients with gynecologic cancer treated with radiation and assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients' financial wellbeing.

Methods: Patients completed a survey 1 month after completing radiation from August 2019-March 2020 and November 2020-June 2021. The survey included the COmprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) tool, EQ-5D to measure quality of life (QOL) and pandemic-related questions for the second survey period.

A wound-induced differentiation trajectory for neurons.

Unlabelled: Animals capable of whole-body regeneration can replace any missing cell type and regenerate fully-functional new organs, . The regeneration of a new brain requires the formation of diverse neuronal cell types and their assembly into an organized structure and correctly-wired circuits. Recent work in various regenerative animals has revealed transcriptional programs required for the differentiation of distinct neuronal subpopulations, however how these transcriptional programs are initiated upon amputation remains unknown.

Antepartum depressive symptoms are associated with significant postpartum opioid use.

Background: Antepartum depression is common, and outside of childbirth preoperative anxiety and depression have been associated with heightened postoperative pain. In light of the national opioid epidemic, the relationship between antepartum depressive symptoms and postpartum opioid use is particularly relevant.

Objective: This study evaluated the association between antepartum depressive symptoms and significant postpartum opioid use during birth hospitalization.

Financial toxicity in pregnancy and postpartum.

Introduction: The financial burden of pregnancy in the United States can be high and is associated with worse mental health and birth outcomes. Research on the financial burden of health care, such as the development of the COmprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) tool, has been conducted primarily among patients with cancer. This study aimed to validate the COST tool and use it to measure financial toxicity and its impacts among obstetric patients.

Cross-Sectional Study of Resident-Reported Surgical Experience in Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery.

Importance: Comprehensive surgical training is an essential component of obstetrics and gynecology residency, yet subspecialty experience may be declining.

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe trends in reported obstetrics and gynecology resident experience in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery (FPMRS).

Study Design: This study was a retrospective analysis of national case log reports from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) for obstetrics and gynecology residents.

How Cumulative Statistics Can Mislead: The Temporal Dynamism of Sex Disparities in COVID-19 Mortality in New York State.

Overall, men have died from COVID-19 at slightly higher rates than women. But cumulative estimates of mortality by sex may be misleading. We analyze New York State COVID-19 mortality by sex between March 2020 and August 2021, demonstrating that 72.

Surgical Adaptation of the Situation Awareness Rating Technique (S-SART): Assessing Situational Awareness Among Medical Students.

Objective: Situational awareness (SA) impacts team dynamics and patient care. However, few formal curricula and tools exist to teach and assess longitudinal SA in surgical environments. We sought to evaluate medical students' SA in the operating room (OR) during surgical clerkships over time.

Postmenopausal Vaginal and Cervical Cancer Risk Related to In Utero Diethylstilbestrol Exposure.

Objectives: Women exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero have an increased risk of clear cell adenocarcinoma of the lower genital tract, requiring lifelong cervical and vaginal cancer screening. We examined the incidence of DES-related cancers in postmenopausal women 50 years and older.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients 50 years and older exposed to DES in utero who received care at our institution.

The psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on women who become pregnant after receiving treatment for infertility: a longitudinal study.

Objective: To compare the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the psychological health of patients with infertility who have become pregnant with that of women who have not.

Design: Prospective cohort study conducted from April 2020 to June 2020. The participants completed three questionnaires over this period.

Sex disparities in COVID-19 outcomes in the United States: Quantifying and contextualizing variation.

This paper presents the first longitudinal study of sex disparities in COVID-19 cases and mortalities across U.S. states, derived from the unique 13-month dataset of the U.