Acute changes of pro-inflammatory markers and corticosterone in experimental subarachnoid haemorrhage: A prerequisite for severity assessment.

Many details of the pathophysiology of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) still remain unknown, making animal experiments an indispensable tool for assessment of diagnostics and therapy. For animal protection and project authorization, one needs objective measures to evaluate the severity and burden in each model. Corticosterone is described as a sensitive stress parameter reflecting the acute burden, and inflammatory markers can be used for assessment of the extent of the brain lesion.

Assessment of cerebral hemodynamics during neurosurgical procedures using laser speckle image analysis.

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a severe medical condition associated with a significant cause of mortality throughout the world. Cisterna magna injection model is accepted widely to mimic clinical aSAH and is performed on small animal models to study aSAH during neurosurgery. Coherent light scattered from the surface of the rat brain is used to infer information about the variations in blood flow during this condition.

Can acoustic structural quantification be used to characterize the ultrasound echotexture of the peripheral zone of breast lesions?

Background: Besides mammography, breast ultrasound is the most important imaging modality for women with suspected breast cancer. New software tools bear high potential for improved detectability and specification of malignant breast lesions.

Objective: To compare the halo depicted around malignant breast lesions by ultrasound using Acoustic Structure Quantification (ASQ) of raw image data with the echogenic rim seen in B-mode ultrasound.

The Acute Phase of Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Intracranial Pressure Dynamics and Their Effect on Cerebral Blood Flow and Autoregulation.

Clinical presentation and neurological outcome in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is highly variable. Aneurysmal SAH (aSAH) is hallmarked by sudden increase of intracranial pressure (ICP) and acute hypoperfusion contributing to early brain injury (EBI) and worse outcome, while milder or non-aneurysmal SAH with comparable amount of blood are associated with better neurological outcome, possibly due to less dramatic changes in ICP. Acute pressure dynamics may therefore be an important pathophysiological aspect determining neurological complications and outcome.

The plasticity of primary microglia and their multifaceted effects on endogenous neural stem cells in vitro and in vivo.

Background: Microglia-the resident immune cells of the brain-are activated after brain lesions, e.g., cerebral ischemia, and polarize towards a classic "M1" pro-inflammatory or an alternative "M2" anti-inflammatory phenotype following characteristic temporo-spatial patterns, contributing either to secondary tissue damage or to regenerative responses.

Bioluminescence imaging visualizes osteopontin-induced neurogenesis and neuroblast migration in the mouse brain after stroke.

Background: Osteopontin (OPN), an acidic phosphoglycoprotein, is upregulated in the brain after cerebral ischemia. We previously reported that OPN supports migration, survival, and proliferation of neural stem cells (NSC) in primary cell culture, as well as their differentiation into neurons. We here analyzed the effects of OPN on neuroblasts in vivo in the context of cerebral ischemia.

Embolization of a life-threatening placenta increta hemorrhage with a four-month MRI follow-up.

A 29-year-old woman with partial placenta increta was treated by bilateral uterine artery embolization (UAE) for bleeding with hemorrhagic shock two months after delivery, resulting in permanent hemostasis. The patient underwent a total of three magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations-before UAE and four days and four months after UAE. At four months, MRI showed a fully regenerated uterus with preserved perfusion and complete resolution of residual placental tissue.