A reinvestigation of cognitive styles in sticklebacks: decision success varies with behavioral type.

The "cognitive styles" hypothesis suggests that individual differences in behavior are associated with variation in cognitive performance via underlying speed-accuracy trade-offs. While this is supported, in part, by a growing body of evidence, some studies did not find the expected relationships between behavioral type and cognitive performance. In some cases, this may reflect methodological limitations rather than the absence of a true relationship.

Differential expression of RAR-ß and RXR-γ transcripts in cultured cranial neural crest cells.

In situ hybridization reveals that RAR-β and RXR-γ genes in mesencephalic neural crest cultures are independently regulated. RAR-β transcripts are found in all cells, with a slight increase in signal/cell with time in culture. In contrast, the distribution of RXR-γ transcript is initially uniform but becomes increasingly heterogeneous, so that after 72 h in culture, a significant proportion of cells lack transcripts while a small subpopulation contains very high levels of message.