Diagnostic Algorithms for Adnexal Masses in the Hands of a Novice Operator.

Objective: To compare the performance of four commonly used algorithms to differentiate benign from malignant adnexal masses when used by a novice operator.

Methods: Women with adnexal masses treated at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, in 2019 were identified retrospectively. Patients were included if they underwent surgery within 3 months of diagnosis or had at least 10 months of follow-up.

Artificial intelligence model for enhancing the accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound in detecting endometrial cancer and endometrial atypical hyperplasia.

Objectives: Transvaginal ultrasound is typically the initial diagnostic approach in patients with postmenopausal bleeding for detecting endometrial atypical hyperplasia/cancer. Although transvaginal ultrasound demonstrates notable sensitivity, its specificity remains limited. The objective of this study was to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound through the integration of artificial intelligence.

Contrast Media in Pregnant and Lactating Patients, From the Special Series on Contrast Media.

IV contrast media improve the diagnostic power of radiology examinations. These media include gadolinium-based contrast media and iron-oxide nanoparticles for MRI, iodinated contrast material for CT, microbubbles for ultrasound, and radiopharmaceuticals for nuclear medicine. As for all medications, contrast media carry risks, which may be heightened in the conditions of pregnancy and lactation.

Case series: The use of spermatic cord block in maximising patient comfort during ultrasound-guided percutaneous core-needle biopsy of the testicle.

Introduction/purpose: Percutaneous core-needle biopsy of the testicle has been shown to be a safe and effective method of obtaining tissue for histological analysis and can be considered in specific clinical scenarios. While the use of spermatic cord block has been shown to be effective in pain relief in the emergent setting and as an anaesthetic option for inguinal surgery, its use in percutaneous core-needle biopsy has not been well described. Through this case series, we present our experience and technique of ultrasound-guided percutaneous core-needle biopsy using spermatic cord block in the setting of indeterminant testicular masses.

A Review of Theranostics: Perspectives on Emerging Approaches and Clinical Advancements.

Theranostics is the combination of two approaches-diagnostics and therapeutics-applied for decades in cancer imaging using radiopharmaceuticals or paired radiopharmaceuticals to image and selectively treat various cancers. The clinical use of theranostics has increased in recent years, with U.S.

PET/MRI for evaluation of patients with pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancers are the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the USA and outcomes remain poor despite improvements in imaging and treatment paradigms. Currently, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are frequently utilized for staging and restaging of these malignancies, but positron emission tomography (PET)/CT can play a role in troubleshooting and improve whole-body staging. PET/MRI is a novel imaging modality that allows for simultaneous acquisition of PET and MRI images, leading to improved image quality and potential increased sensitivity.

Safety and accuracy of aortic and periaortic CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and accuracy of aortic and periaortic computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy performed at a single center over 12 years.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of cases performed between February 2010 and August 2022 in which the biopsied region was in direct contact with the aorta or great vessels including the pericardium and common iliac arteries. Clinical notes were reviewed for any early or delayed complications following the procedure, which if present were graded using the National Institute of Health's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5.

Bayesian penalized likelihood PET reconstruction impact on quantitative metrics in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Evaluate the quantitative, subjective (Deauville score [DS]) and reader agreement differences between standard ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) and Bayesian penalized likelihood (BPL) positron emission tomography (PET) reconstruction methods. A retrospective review of 104 F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/computed tomography (CT) exams among 52 patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. An unblinded radiologist moderator reviewed both BPL and OSEM PET/CT exams.

Safety and Efficacy of CT-Guided Percutaneous Biopsy of Suspicious Subcentimeter Pelvic and Retroperitoneal Lymph Nodes Detected by C-Choline PET in Patients With Prostate Cancer.

In patients with prostate cancer, PET using targeted radiotracers can identify increased activity in small morphologically normal lymph nodes, facilitating earlier detection of metastatic disease. The purpose of this article was to assess the efficacy and safety of CT-guided biopsy of suspicious pelvic and retroperitoneal lymph nodes measuring smaller than 1 cm detected by C-choline PET in patients with prostate cancer, with comparison with nodes measuring 1 cm or larger. This retrospective study included patients with prostate cancer who underwent CT-guided percutaneous biopsy of suspicious pelvic or retroperitoneal lymph nodes detected by C-choline PET/CT or PET/MRI (performed because of a rising or elevated PSA level or known recurrent or metastatic disease) between June 1, 2012, and March 20, 2020.

F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/Computed Tomography: Head and Neck Salivary Gland Tumors.

Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms arising from the 3 pairs of major salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, and sublingual) or numerous minor salivary glands located throughout the oral cavity. This review discusses the role of PET/computed tomography (CT) in evaluation of SGTs, including staging, restaging, prognostication, and response assessment. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT is useful for staging and restaging malignant SGTs and offers important prognostic information in these patients.

Atypical Metastases in the Abdomen and Pelvis From Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer: C-Choline PET/CT With Multimodality Correlation.

PET with targeted radiotracers has become integral to mapping the location and burden of recurrent disease in patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer (PCa). PET with C-choline is part of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and European Association of Urology guidelines for evaluation of BCR. With advances in PET technology, increasing use of targeted radiotracers, and improved survival of patients with BCR because of novel therapeutics, atypical sites of metastases are being increasingly encountered, challenging the conventional view that prostate cancer rarely metastasizes beyond bones or lymph nodes.

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: evaluation by F-FDG PET/CT.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the imaging characteristics of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) on staging F-FDG PET/CT.

Materials And Methods: An IRB-approved retrospective review was conducted for patients with biopsy-proven EHE who underwent FDG PET/CT at our institution between 2005 and 2019. Patients with a history of surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to PET/CT were excluded.

How We Do It: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Lu DOTATATE Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy.

Lutetium 177 (Lu) DOTA-0-Tyr3-Octreotate (DOTATATE) peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) is an effective treatment for advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. This review presents a clinical practice workflow that has been successful since Lu DOTATATE PRRT was approved by the U.S.

Therapy With Lu-DOTATATE: Clinical Implementation and Impact on Care of Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumors.

The purpose of this article is to enhance knowledge of the clinical implementation of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) and its impact on care of patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Most well differentiated and some moderately and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine tumors express large numbers of somatostatin receptors on their cell surfaces. PRRT targets these cells with Lu-DOTATATE, which is a medium-energy beta emitter.

Percutaneous ureteral biopsy: safety and diagnostic yield.

Purpose: To evaluate safety and diagnostic yield of percutaneous CT-guided biopsy of extrarenal upper urinary tract lesions.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective review of our institutional database of image-guided biopsies yielded 44 CT-guided percutaneous biopsies in 44 unique patients that targeted ureteral (30, 68%) or other non-renal upper urinary tract lesions (14, 32%) between January 1, 2000 and May 1, 2017. Indications, pre-biopsy imaging, biopsy technique, peri-procedural antithrombotic use, complications including bleeding defined by Society of Interventional Radiology criteria, pathology results, and subsequent imaging were reviewed up to 3 months after the procedure to evaluate safety and diagnostic yield.