Nutritional optimization of fecal microbiota transplantation in humans: a scoping review.

Diet constitutes a major source of nutrient flow to the gut microbes. As such, it can be used to help shape the gut microbiome. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an increasingly promising therapy in disease states beyond recurrent infection, but diet is largely overlooked for its potential to help optimize this therapy.

Corrigendum to 'Vitamin D3 Dosage for Symptoms Associated With COVID-19: A Narrative Review' [Current Developments in Nutrition 6 (2022) 211].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac048.025.

Engineered receptors for soluble cellular communication and disease sensing.

Despite recent advances in mammalian synthetic biology, there remains a lack of modular synthetic receptors that can robustly respond to soluble ligands and in turn activate bespoke cellular functions. Such receptors would have extensive clinical potential to regulate the activity of engineered therapeutic cells, but to date only receptors against cell surface targets have approached clinical translation. To address this gap, we developed a receptor architecture called synthetic intramembrane proteolysis receptor (SNIPR), that has the added ability to be activated by soluble ligands, both natural and synthetic, with remarkably low baseline activity and high fold activation, through an endocytic, pH-dependent cleavage mechanism.

STEMI, Revascularization, and Peak Troponin by Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Women with a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes have a higher risk of coronary heart disease. Emerging evidence suggests that women with a history of preeclampsia have a different pattern of overall coronary atherosclerosis and that they at the time of myocardial infarction (MI) more frequently present with ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) compared to women with no such history.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether among women with MI, those with a history of adverse pregnancy outcomes are more likely to present with STEMI or other clinical characteristics indicating a more severe myocardial injury.

Evaluation of daily eating patterns on overall diet quality using decision tree analyses.

Background: Preliminary evidence suggests that meal timing is associated with higher quality diets. Less is known about whether types of food consumed during specific eating episodes (i.e.

Adaptive DNA amplification of synthetic gene circuit opens a way to overcome cancer chemoresistance.

Drug resistance continues to impede the success of cancer treatments, creating a need for experimental model systems that are broad, yet simple, to allow the identification of mechanisms and novel countermeasures applicable to many cancer types. To address these needs, we investigated a set of engineered mammalian cell lines with synthetic gene circuits integrated into their genome that evolved resistance to Puromycin. We identified DNA amplification as the mechanism underlying drug resistance in 4 out of 6 replicate populations.

Overnight Melatonin Concentration and Sleep Quality Are Associated with the Clinical Features of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Circulating melatonin is elevated in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS); whether circadian disruptions coincide with sleep disturbances in women with PCOS or their symptom severity is unclear. The objective of this observational pilot study was to determine whether altered patterns of melatonin excretion are associated with reduced sleep quality in women with versus without PCOS. Participants underwent a clinical assessment, transvaginal ultrasound, and reproductive hormone testing.

Notch1 cortical signaling regulates epithelial architecture and cell-cell adhesion.

Notch receptors control tissue morphogenic processes that involve coordinated changes in cell architecture and gene expression, but how a single receptor can produce these diverse biological outputs is unclear. Here, we employ a 3D model of a human ductal epithelium to reveal tissue morphogenic defects result from loss of Notch1, but not Notch1 transcriptional signaling. Instead, defects in duct morphogenesis are driven by dysregulated epithelial cell architecture and mitogenic signaling which result from the loss of a transcription-independent, Notch1 cortical signaling mechanism that ultimately functions to stabilize adherens junctions and cortical actin.

Rationale and design of the SenseWhy project: A passive sensing and ecological momentary assessment study on characteristics of overeating episodes.

Objectives: Overeating interventions and research often focus on single determinants and use subjective or nonpersonalized measures. We aim to (1) identify automatically detectable features that predict overeating and (2) build clusters of eating episodes that identify theoretically meaningful and clinically known problematic overeating behaviors (e.g.

Case report: Clinical and pathological findings in a canine patient with intervertebral disk extrusion resembling progressive myelomalacia.

A 4-year-old female spayed dog presented to the emergency department for non-ambulatory tetraparesis, which progressed to tetraplegia. Computed tomography (CT) confirmed cervical intervertebral disk extrusion at C5-6 extending to C6-7, and an emergency ventral slot was performed. After the procedure, the patient was placed on mechanical ventilation due to respiratory failure.

Adherens junctions organize size-selective proteolytic hotspots critical for Notch signalling.

Adherens junctions (AJs) create spatially, chemically and mechanically discrete microdomains at cellular interfaces. Here, using a mechanogenetic platform that generates artificial AJs with controlled protein localization, clustering and mechanical loading, we find that AJs also organize proteolytic hotspots for γ-secretase with a spatially regulated substrate selectivity that is critical in the processing of Notch and other transmembrane proteins. Membrane microdomains outside of AJs exclusively organize Notch ligand-receptor engagement (LRE microdomains) to initiate receptor activation.

Small-molecule allosteric inhibitors of GPX4.

Encouraged by the dependence of drug-resistant, metastatic cancers on GPX4, we examined biophysical mechanisms of GPX4 inhibition, which revealed an unexpected allosteric site. We found that this site was involved in native regeneration of GPX4 under low glutathione conditions. Covalent binding of inhibitors to this allosteric site caused a conformational change, inhibition of activity, and subsequent cellular GPX4 protein degradation.

Coronary Artery Restenosis in Women by History of Preeclampsia.

Background A history of preeclampsia is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease and experimental evidence suggests that a history of preeclampsia also increases the risk of restenosis. However, the extent to which a history of preeclampsia is associated with risk of restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention in women is unknown. Methods and Results We included 6065 parous women aged ≤65 years with first percutaneous coronary intervention on 9452 segments 2006 to 2017, linking nationwide data on percutaneous coronary intervention and delivery history in Sweden.

Hexose translocation mediated by SlSWEET5b is required for pollen maturation in Solanum lycopersicum.

Pollen fertility is critical for successful fertilization and, accordingly, for crop yield. While sugar unloading affects the growth and development of all types of sink organs, the molecular nature of sugar import to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) pollen is poorly understood. However, sugar will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) have been proposed to be involved in pollen development.

Food Handling Concerns and Practices at Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic by Food Security Status.

Abstract: There is limited examination about coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)-related food handling concerns and practices that cause chemical or microbial contamination and illness, particularly among those with food insecurity. We investigated consumer food handling concerns and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic and whether they differed by food insecurity status. An online survey was distributed among Chicago, IL, residents between 15 July and 21 August 2020 (n = 437).

Comparative Validity of Mostly Unprocessed and Minimally Processed Food Items Differs Among Popular Commercial Nutrition Apps Compared with a Research Food Database.

Background: Commercial nutrition apps are increasingly used to evaluate diet. Evaluating the comparative validity of nutrient data from commercial nutrition app databases is important to determine the merits of using these apps for dietary assessment.

Objective: Nutrient data from four commercial nutrition apps were compared with a research-based food database, Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) (version 2017).

Association of number of bites and eating speed with energy intake: Wearable technology results under free-living conditions.

Personalized weight management strategies are gaining interest. However, knowledge is limited regarding eating habits and association with energy intake, and current technologies limit assessment in free-living situations. We assessed associations between eating behavior and time of day with energy intake using a wearable camera under free-living conditions and explored if obesity modifies the associations.

Using optogenetics to link myosin patterns to contractile cell behaviors during convergent extension.

Distinct patterns of actomyosin contractility are often associated with particular epithelial tissue shape changes during development. For example, a planar-polarized pattern of myosin II localization regulated by Rho1 signaling during Drosophila body axis elongation is thought to drive cell behaviors that contribute to convergent extension. However, it is not well understood how specific aspects of a myosin pattern influence the multiple cell behaviors, including cell intercalation, cell shape changes, and apical cell area fluctuations, that simultaneously occur during morphogenesis.

Obesity Status on associations between cancer-related beliefs and health behaviors in cancer survivors: Implications for patient-clinician communication.

Objective: Associations between cancer beliefs and health behavior engagement are largely unexplored in cancer survivors, particularly among those with overweight and obesity. We investigated belief-behavior associations for cancer survivors, and whether obesity altered these associations.

Methods: Cancer survivors were identified from the National Cancer Institute HINTS Survey 5 data and classified as having had an obesity-related cancer or not.

Effects of Autoclaving, EtOH, and UV Sterilization on the Chemical, Mechanical, Printability, and Biocompatibility Characteristics of Alginate.

Sterilization is a necessary step during the processing of biomaterials, but it can affect the materials' functional characteristics. This study characterizes the effects of three commonly used sterilization processes-autoclaving (heat-based), ethanol (EtOH; chemical-based), and ultraviolet (UV; radiation-based)-on the chemical, mechanical, printability, and biocompatibility properties of alginate, a widely used biopolymer for drug delivery, tissue engineering, and other biomedical applications. Sterility assessment tests showed that autoclaving was effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at loads up to 10 CFU/mL, while EtOH was the least effective.

eHealth Practices in Cancer Survivors With BMI in Overweight or Obese Categories: Latent Class Analysis Study.

Background: eHealth technologies have been found to facilitate health-promoting practices among cancer survivors with BMI in overweight or obese categories; however, little is known about their engagement with eHealth to promote weight management and facilitate patient-clinician communication.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether eHealth use was associated with sociodemographic characteristics, as well as medical history and experiences (ie, patient-related factors) among cancer survivors with BMI in overweight or obese categories.

Methods: Data were analyzed from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey (National Cancer Institute's Health Information National Trends Survey).

Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Hyperandrogenism Mediate the Link between Poor Diet Quality and Ovarian Dysmorphology in Reproductive-Aged Women.

The relationship between diet quality and ovarian morphology has biological plausibility yet remains unclear and was therefore evaluated. In a multicenter cross-sectional analysis, four dietary patterns were scored for 111 consecutive reproductive-aged women (18-45 years) using (1) Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015); (2) alternative HEI-2010; (3) alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED); (4) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) indices. Ovarian volume (OV) and follicle number per ovary (FNPO) were evaluated on transvaginal ultrasonography.

Counting Bites With Bits: Expert Workshop Addressing Calorie and Macronutrient Intake Monitoring.

Background: Conventional diet assessment approaches such as the 24-hour self-reported recall are burdensome, suffer from recall bias, and are inaccurate in estimating energy intake. Wearable sensor technology, coupled with advanced algorithms, is increasingly showing promise in its ability to capture behaviors that provide useful information for estimating calorie and macronutrient intake.

Objective: This paper aimed to summarize current technological approaches to monitoring energy intake on the basis of expert opinion from a workshop panel and to make recommendations to advance technology and algorithms to improve estimation of energy expenditure.

Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviors in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome per the New International Evidence-Based Guideline.

Lifestyle modifications are recommended as first-line therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, usual dietary and physical activity (PA) behaviors of women with PCOS remain uncertain, likely owing to controversy in diagnostic criteria. Our objective was to contrast the usual dietary and PA behaviors of women with PCOS ( = 80) diagnosed by the 2018 International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of PCOS to that of controls ( = 44).