Acute Cholangitis: Causes, Diagnosis, and Management.

Acute cholangitis, also referred to as ascending cholangitis, is an infection of the biliary tree characterized by fever, jaundice, and abdominal pain, which in most cases is the consequence of biliary obstruction. Diagnosis is commonly made by the presence of clinical features, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. The treatment modalities include administration of intravenous fluids, antimicrobial therapy, and prompt drainage of the bile duct.

Parasitic Infections of the Gastrointestinal Track and Liver.

Parasites have coevolved with humans. Several of them colonize the human body and establish a symbiotic relationship. Other parasites cause severe and lethal diseases.