Hybrid transformer-based model for mammogram classification by integrating prior and current images.

Background: Breast cancer screening via mammography plays a crucial role in early detection, significantly impacting women's health outcomes worldwide. However, the manual analysis of mammographic images is time-consuming and requires specialized expertise, presenting substantial challenges in medical practice.

Purpose: To address these challenges, we introduce a CNN-Transformer based model tailored for breast cancer classification through mammographic analysis.

A Review of the Histopathology of Nail Unit Tumors Including Selection of the Optimal Surgical Sampling.

Background: A wide variety of tumors can affect the nail unit, with some commonly mistaken as inflammatory or infectious diseases. Obtaining an optimal sample for histopathologic evaluation requires understanding of nail unit anatomy as well as the histopathology of the suspected nail tumor.

Summary: This review discusses clinical and histopathologic features of a subset of benign and malignant nail tumors, including subungual melanoma, nail unit squamous cell carcinoma in situ, nail unit squamous cell carcinoma, onychomatricoma, onychopapilloma, onychocytic matricoma, and onychocytic carcinoma.

Methotrexate-Induced Epidermal Necrosis.

A 79-year-old woman with psoriasis presented to the emergency department with new-onset eruptions on the trunk, extremities, and oral mucosa for 8-9 days. For psoriasis, she had been taking 15 mg of methotrexate weekly for over 18 years, and had discontinued folic acid a few months prior to this.

Triad of Thyroid Ophthalmopathy, Dermopathy, and Acropachy.

A 40-year-old African-American man was referred to our dermatology clinic for management of his long-standing thyroid dermopathy. The patient was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism at the age of 20, and was treated with radioactive iodine I-131 but subsequently lost to follow-up. He had not consulted physicians again until the age of 30.

Unsupervised feature correlation model to predict breast abnormal variation maps in longitudinal mammograms.

Breast cancer continues to be a significant cause of mortality among women globally. Timely identification and precise diagnosis of breast abnormalities are critical for enhancing patient prognosis. In this study, we focus on improving the early detection and accurate diagnosis of breast abnormalities, which is crucial for improving patient outcomes and reducing the mortality rate of breast cancer.

Granulomatous secondary syphilis: Another diagnostic pitfall for the dermatopathologist.

Syphilis is growing ever more prevalent in the United States with its incidence rising every year. Dermatopathologists need to maintain a high index of suspicion to avoid delayed diagnosis of this treatable disease. Accordingly, it is imperative to be aware of its myriad of presentations-including secondary syphilis with granulomatous inflammation.

Considering a Biologic: What's a Clinician to Do? Screening and Laboratory Monitoring for Biologic Therapies in the Treatment of Psoriasis.

Biologic therapies have revolutionized the treatment of psoriasis; however, these immunomodulatory therapies may increase the risk of reactivation of latent and chronic infections. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors, in particular, have been associated with the increased risk of reactivation of tuberculosis (TB) in patients with latent TB, as well as hepatitis B virus (HBV), in patients with chronic HBV infections. Currently, baseline TB tests are the only screening tests supported with strong evidence.

Feature fusion Siamese network for breast cancer detection comparing current and prior mammograms.

Purpose: Automatic detection of very small and nonmass abnormalities from mammogram images has remained challenging. In clinical practice for each patient, radiologists commonly not only screen the mammogram images obtained during the examination, but also compare them with previous mammogram images to make a clinical decision. To design an artificial intelligence (AI) system to mimic radiologists for better cancer detection, in this work we proposed an end-to-end enhanced Siamese convolutional neural network to detect breast cancer using previous year and current year mammogram images.

Considering a Biologic: What's a Clinician to Do? Management of Biologics in Surgery, Vaccinations, and Cancer.

In the past two decades, biologic therapy has become ubiquitous in the treatment of psoriasis; however, important considerations should be taken with regard to biologic use in the context of surgery, vaccinations, and cancers. With conflicting evidence on the effects of perioperative biologic use, we recommend withholding tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor therapy for one dose prior to surgical procedures. Although no studies have shown a direct link between live vaccines and infection in patients receiving biologics, due to the theoretical risk of live vaccines producing infection in patients with altered immune responses, we recommend withholding biologic therapy for 4 to 5 half-lives prior to the administration of live or live-attenuated vaccines.

Topical rapamycin reduces markers of senescence and aging in human skin: an exploratory, prospective, randomized trial.

Aging is a major risk factor for the majority of human diseases, and the development of interventions to reduce the intrinsic rate of aging is expected to reduce the risk for age-related diseases including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and dementia. In the skin, aging manifests itself in photodamage and dermal atrophy, with underlying tissue reduction and impaired barrier function. To determine whether rapamycin, an FDA-approved drug targeting the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex, can reduce senescence and markers of aging in human skin, an exploratory, placebo-controlled, interventional trial was conducted in a clinical dermatology setting.

Chronic Pruritus Responding to Dupilumab-A Case Series.

Background: Chronic pruritus is defined as itch lasting for greater than six weeks. Pruritus is a burdensome manifestation of several internal and external disease states with a significant impact on quality of life. Dupilumab has shown promise in treating a number of conditions including atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma.