Metabolic reprogramming of macrophages by PKM2 promotes IL-10 production via adenosine.

Macrophages play a crucial role in immune responses and undergo metabolic reprogramming to fulfill their functions. The tetramerization of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) induces the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 in vivo, but the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we report that PKM2 activation with the pharmacological agent TEPP-46 increases IL-10 production in LPS-activated macrophages by metabolic reprogramming, leading to the production and release of ATP from glycolysis.

Time-of-day control of mitochondria regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages.

Macrophages are innate immune cells that orchestrate the process of inflammation, which varies across time of day. This ensures appropriate biological timing of the immune response with the external environment. The NLRP3 inflammasome mediates IL-1-family cytokine release via pyroptosis.

Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with low muscle mass and composition in people treated with (chemo)radiotherapy for lung cancer.

Background: This study examined (1) associations between sociodemographic and clinical variables with low muscle mass and radiodensity and their loss relative to treatment commencement in patients with lung cancer; and (2) the magnitude of change in muscle mass and association with treatment outcomes and survival.

Methods: Prospective study in patients planned for curative (chemo)radiotherapy for lung cancer. Low skeletal muscle mass and radiodensity and muscle loss were determined from pre- and post-treatment computed tomography images.

HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF SPOTTED () AND PAINTED () TURTLES IN CAPE COD, MASSACHUSETTS, U.S.A, WITH DETECTION OF A NOVEL ADENOVIRUS.

Freshwater turtles face numerous anthropogenic threats worldwide. Health assessments are a key component of chelonian population assessment and monitoring but are under reported in many species. The purpose of this study was to characterize the health of spotted turtles (; n = 30) and painted turtles (; n = 24) at Camp Edwards, a military base in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, using physical examinations, hematology, plasma heavy metal analyses, and pathogen surveillance via PCR.

Risk factors for low muscle mass, malnutrition, and (probable-) sarcopenia in adults with or without a history of cancer in the UK Biobank.

Background And Aims: Early identification of people at risk of cancer-related malnutrition, low muscle mass (LMM) and sarcopenia is crucial to mitigate the impact of adverse outcomes. This study investigated risk factors associated with LMM, malnutrition and (probable-) sarcopenia and whether these varied in people with or without a history of cancer.

Methods: Participants in the UK Biobank, with or without a history of cancer, who completed the Oxford WebQ at the baseline assessment were included.

Exploring dietitians' practice and perspectives on the role of dietary patterns during cancer treatment: A qualitative study.

Background: Dietitians are nutrition professionals equipped with specialised skills required to prevent and treat malnutrition in cancer. Optimisation of dietary intake is recommended as the primary nutrition strategy for the treatment of cancer-related malnutrition. However, it is unclear whether dietary patterns, described as the combination, quantity, and frequency of food consumption, are considered.

Chrono-tailored drug delivery systems: recent advances and future directions.

Circadian rhythms influence a range of biological processes within the body, with the central clock or suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the brain synchronising peripheral clocks around the body. These clocks are regulated by external cues, the most influential being the light/dark cycle, in order to synchronise with the external day. Chrono-tailored or circadian drug delivery systems (DDS) aim to optimise drug delivery by releasing drugs at specific times of day to align with circadian rhythms within the body.

Dietary patterns linked to lower odds of malnutrition are associated with all-cause and cancer mortality in adults with cancer.

Objectives: Dietary patterns, characterised by protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin D, reduce the odds of malnutrition in cancer survivors. However, it is unclear whether these dietary patterns also improve prognosis. This study prospectively examined associations between dietary patterns linked to lower odds of malnutrition and the risk of all-cause and cancer mortality in adult cancer survivors from the UK Biobank cohort.

CUTANEOUS MYIASIS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO WELLNESS IN EASTERN BOX TURTLES () IN CAPE COD, MASSACHUSETTS.

Eastern box turtles () face a variety of anthropogenic, infectious, and environmental threats and have been affected by high morbidity and mortality disease events. Wellness parameters in free-ranging eastern box turtles with a high prevalence of myiasis on Cape Cod, MA, were documented to identify epidemiologic trends or associations with several health parameters. There were 109 samples collected from 59 individual box turtles over the course of 4 mon.

The influence of pediatric cancer treatment on taste perception and food hedonics: a systematic review.

Context: Children with cancer are at risk of poor nutritional status during treatment and into survivorship. Objectively measured taste perception and self-reported food hedonics are 2 factors that may influence food intake.

Objective: This 2-armed systematic review examined whether chemotherapy and radiotherapy affect (1) taste perception and (2) hedonic experiences of children and survivors of childhood cancer.

Glycolytic reprogramming fuels myeloid cell-driven hypercoagulability.

Background: Myeloid cell metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of inflammatory disease; however, its role in inflammation-induced hypercoagulability is poorly understood.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the role of inflammation-associated metabolic reprogramming in regulating blood coagulation.

Methods: We used novel myeloid cell-based global hemostasis assays and murine models of immunometabolic disease.

Access to nutrition services and information after active cancer treatment: a mixed methods study.

Purpose: Evidence-based guidelines for cancer strongly support nutrition and dietetic services for people with cancer and carers in order to improve patient-centred and health service outcomes. Access to nutrition services and information after completing active cancer treatment is relatively unknown in Australia. This study aimed to determine the availability, accessibility, barriers, and preferences to nutrition services and information after cancer treatment in Australia.

Circadian disruption in lung fibroblasts enhances NF-κB activity to exacerbate neutrophil recruitment.

Fibroblasts are stromal cells abundant throughout tissues, including the lungs. Fibroblasts are integral coordinators of immune cell recruitment through chemokine secretion. Circadian rhythms direct the recruitment of immune cells to the lung, which in turn impacts response to infection and survival.

Dysregulated haemostasis in thrombo-inflammatory disease.

Inflammatory disease is often associated with an increased incidence of venous thromboembolism in affected patients, although in most instances, the mechanistic basis for this increased thrombogenicity remains poorly understood. Acute infection, as exemplified by sepsis, malaria and most recently, COVID-19, drives 'immunothrombosis', where the immune defence response to capture and neutralise invading pathogens causes concurrent activation of deleterious prothrombotic cellular and biological responses. Moreover, dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses in patients with chronic inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, allergies, and neurodegenerative disorders, are now recognised to occur in parallel with activation of coagulation.

The circadian clock influences T cell responses to vaccination by regulating dendritic cell antigen processing.

Dendritic cells play a key role in processing and presenting antigens to naïve T cells to prime adaptive immunity. Circadian rhythms are known to regulate many aspects of immunity; however, the role of circadian rhythms in dendritic cell function is still unclear. Here, we show greater T cell responses when mice are immunised in the middle of their rest versus their active phase.

von Willebrand factor links primary hemostasis to innate immunity.

The plasma multimeric glycoprotein von Willebrand factor (VWF) plays a critical role in primary hemostasis by tethering platelets to exposed collagen at sites of vascular injury. Recent studies have identified additional biological roles for VWF, and in particular suggest that VWF may play an important role in regulating inflammatory responses. However, the molecular mechanisms through which VWF exerts its immuno-modulatory effects remain poorly understood.

Current Insights in Nutrition Assessment and Intervention for Malnutrition or Muscle Loss in People with Lung Cancer: A Narrative Review.

Up to 70% of people with lung cancer may be affected by cancer-related malnutrition or muscle loss, depending on treatment modality and disease stage. This narrative review explores recent studies on malnutrition and muscle loss as well as nutritional and multimodal interventions to treat these conditions in the context of the changing treatment landscape in lung cancer. Various types of interventions, including individualized counseling, protein and other specific nutrient supplementation, as well as multimodal interventions to treat malnutrition and muscle loss, have been investigated.

Circadian Control of Redox Reactions in the Macrophage Inflammatory Response.

Macrophages are immune sentinels located throughout the body that function in both amplification and resolution of the inflammatory response. The circadian clock has emerged as a central regulator of macrophage inflammation. Reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions are central to both the circadian clock and macrophage function.

Associations between Dietary Patterns and Malnutrition, Low Muscle Mass and Sarcopenia in Adults with Cancer: A Scoping Review.

Dietary patterns examine the combinations, types and quantities of foods consumed in the diet. Compared to individual nutrients, dietary patterns may be better associated with cancer-related malnutrition, low muscle mass and sarcopenia. This scoping review identified associations between dietary patterns, assessed using data-driven methods (i.

A systematic review of temporal body weight and dietary intake patterns in adults: implications on future public health nutrition interventions to promote healthy weight.

Purpose: The global prevalence of overweight remains high; effective strategies that consider patterns of body weight changes to identify periods when adults are susceptible to weight gain are warranted. This systematic review aimed to investigate body weight patterns, and how they were associated with dietary intake and/or dietary behaviours (Prospero CRD42020161977).

Methods: Systematic literature search was conducted in the Medline, Embase, and CINAHL databases until November 2020.

The Circadian Clock Protein BMAL1 Acts as a Metabolic Sensor In Macrophages to Control the Production of Pro IL-1β.

The transcription factor BMAL1 is a clock protein that generates daily or circadian rhythms in physiological functions including the inflammatory response of macrophages. Intracellular metabolic pathways direct the macrophage inflammatory response, however whether the clock is impacting intracellular metabolism to direct this response is unclear. Specific metabolic reprogramming of macrophages controls the production of the potent pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β.