Empirical analysis of a plan-of-the-day strategy to approximate daily online reoptimization for prostate CBCT-guided adaptive radiotherapy.

Purpose: Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) can improve the dose delivered to the patient in the presence of anatomic variations. However, the required time, effort, and clinical resources are intensive. This work analyzed a plan-of-the-day (POD) approach on clinical patients treated with online ART to explore implementations that balance dosimetric benefit and clinical resource cost.

Do needle syringe programs reduce HIV infection among injecting drug users: a comprehensive review of the international evidence.

This first international review of the evidence that needle syringe programs reduce HIV infection among injecting drug users found that conservative interpretation of the published data fulfills six of the nine Bradford Hill criteria (strength of association, replication of findings, temporal sequence, biological plausibility, coherence of evidence, and reasoning by analogy) and all six additional criteria (cost-effectiveness, absence of negative consequences, feasibility of implementation, expansion and coverage, unanticipated benefits, and application to special populations). The Bradford Hill criteria are often used to evaluate public health interventions. The principal finding of this review was that there is compelling evidence of effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness, consistent with seven previous reviews conducted by or on behalf of U.